Reconstruction Vocab Quiz

Wanted lenient treatment of confederate states

10% plan, Confederate states could establish new govts after 10% of their male population swore loyalty to the Union

A more stringent plan that treated the South as conquered foes

Wanted to reconstruct South, 50% loyalty pledge

Lincoln pocket vetoed this

Also favored lenient treatment like Lincoln, loosely based off of his 10% plan

Allowed for southern policies to create conditions almost identical to slavery

required presidential pardon for significant former confederate leaders

Forever abolished chattel slavery in the US

Strongly supported by Republicans (no duh)

Ratified in 1865

Everyone born in the US is automatically a citizen, including black Americans

Passed by Senate in 1866, ratified in 1868

Gave black people the right to vote

Passed by Congress 1869, ratified in 1870

State laws that severely limited the rights of black people to enforce segregation and limit the power of Black voters

Especially restrictive/unjust when it came to labor, which ensured that Black people would remain a cheap labor force

Helped displaced Southerners, especially formerly enslaved Black Americans to get back on their feet by providing food, shelter, medical services, education, land, etc…

First established in 1865, and extended in 1866 by Trumbull

The act stated that all people born on American soil, with the exception of Native Americans, were to be considered American citizens

In the Senate, Republicans gained a huge majority

In the HoR, Republicans retained a majority

This would be hugely significant in Republican control over the reconstruction process through their majority in both parts of Congress

A pejorative (demeaning, insulting) phrase that reminded voters that Democrats/Southerners were responsible for the Civil War and Union casualties

Republicans that wanted to totally reconstruct the South and treat it like a conquered foe, NOT with leniency and reintegration

Abolitionist that played a major role in black rights in Congress

Helped with the passage of the 13th and 14th amendment in Congress

“a fierce and uncompromising abolitionist champion.”

Caned by Brooks when he spoke against the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Statesman for MA in the Senate

Sumner tunnel!

Outlined terms for readmission to representation of rebel states

• Had to pass 13th and 14th amendment

• New state constitution needed

Divided South into 5 districts with military occupation of each

Restricted the president’s power to fire people so that approval of the entire US Senate was required

Did important stuff as Lincoln’s secretary of war during the civil war

Fired by Andrew Johnson (this led to his impeachment)

Led the investigation for conspirators in lincoln’s assassination

Stemmed from his firing of Edwin Stanton, which was a violation of the Tenure of Office Act

Was impeached, avoided removal from office by 1, one, uno vote

Grant won against Democrat Horatio Seymour

Grant got a lot of electoral college votes as a war hero and former general, but popular vote was even

Significant because it was the first election in which African Americans could vote in reconstructed Southern states

18th pres of US (succeeded Andrew Johnson)

Former general and war hero

Derogatory term for a Northern Republican that had recently migrated to the South

Derogatory term for a Southerner who joined northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often to gain power/wealth

“betrayed” the South

the ____ ____ system is a way for farmers to borrow money with crops as collateral

white supremacist terrorist group that emerged during Reconstruction

Former Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest was its first “grand dragon”

Introduced by Rep. Shellabarger (OH)

This act aimed to curb the violence of the KKK And protect Black Americans and Reconstruction authorities/allies in the South

Former slave owners who bitterly opposed the Republican program in the South

Wanted to regain political power in govt and enforce White Supremacy

This scandal was exposed in 1875, and was when _____ distillers bribed U.S. Treasury officials to avoid paying taxes on _____

contributed to national weariness of reconstruction

_____ _______ was a phony construction company meant to funnel money from the govt, and had been financed with fraudulent bonds

Emblematic of post civil war corruption

First great depression in the US and abroad

Caused by a stock market crash in Europe, investors sold off American investments esp in railroads, led to economic downturn

Helped bring reconstruction to a formal end as tensions from economic downturn called for government retrenchment

Guaranteed all citizens regardless of color, access to accommodations, theatres, public schools, churches, and cemeteries

Declared Unconstitutional when Black citizens sued restaurants for refusing to serve Black citizens, and Supreme Court sided w/ the restaurants

Proposed by Charles Sumner

Grant refused to run for third term, so Hayes chosen as Republican nominee

Hayes vs Tilden, Tilden wins popular, but one electoral vote shy of victory so Hayes is president, this was very disputed by South

South said fine, Republican Hayes president BUT you have to withdraw troops from South (Compromise of 1877)

Oversaw the end of reconstruction when he withdrew troops after LA and SC pledged to respect black voting rights

Tried to reconcile post civil war divisions

Democrat candidate that won the popular vote in Election of 1866, but lost electoral college vote (this was hotly contested)

part of compromise of 1877

As a result of the contested electoral victory of Hayes, the Republicans agreed to withdraw troops if southern states would recognize Hayes as president and recognize black voting rights