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any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body
disease
any organism that cause disease
pathogen
runaway growth of the body’s own cells
cancer
the most common immunological diseases
allergies
tumor that shows no tendency to spread through the body
benign
substances with the capability to cause cancer
carcinogens
three bacterial shapes
cocci, bacilli, spirilla
diseases caused by fungi
mycotic
formulated the germ concept of disease
louis pasteur
a molecule of genetic material enclosed in a geometric protein structure
virus
a person who displays no symptoms of a disease but can pass on the pathogens
carrier
an animal that transmits infection
vector
an epidemic that affects a large portion of the earth
pandemic
virus that causes AIDS
HIV
a substance that stimulates your body to develop an acquired immunity to a disease
vaccine
tissue fluid after entering the lymph vessels
lymph
y-shaped protein molecules that deactivate pathogens and help mark them for destruction
antibodies
the body’s largest lymph organ
spleen
the teaching that all living things developed from a common ancestor
evolution
put together the doctrine of ideas
plato
put together the doctrine of intellect
aristotle
the idea that living things can arise from nonliving things
spontaneous generation
father of anatomy
vesalius
invented antiseptics
lister
the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy and has no spiritual or supernatural aspects
materialism
all living things are composed of living units called cells and of cell products and that all cells come from preexisting cells
cell theory
idea that science can find answers for all the problems in life
scientism
living things can come only from other living things
law of biogenesis
basis for one’s philosophy
worldview
basis of a Christian’s worldview
Bible
idea that the present is the only key to the past
uniformitarianism
first book by charles darwin
origin of species
the idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members
natural selection
variation within a species has definite _______ .
limits
the science of improving the human species by selectively breeding humans to produce a “master race”
eugenics
changes within a particular kind of organism
speciation
the study of fossils
paleontology
how many missing links have been found?
zero
where can we find an actual example of the geologic column?
nowhere
fossils related to a specific layer in the geologic column
index fossils
book written by darwin on the origins of man
descent of man
most important difference between man and ape is that man was made ___ _______ ________ .
in God’s image
fossil that ended up being a hoax
piltdown man
fossil made from the tooth of a pig
nebraska man
fossil that is now classified as an orangutan
ramapithecus
classification of “lucy”
a. afarensis
classification of the “taung child”
a. africanus
fossil lost during WWII
peking man
fossil now classified as homo sapien sapien
hint: found in a french cave
cro magnon man
handy-man
homo habilis
fossil found in a german valley
neanderthal man
organs with a similar function but different internal structure
analogy
organs with similar function and similar internal structure
homology
random errors in genetic material
mutation
prime example of natural selection
peppered moth
made the idea of embryonic recapitulation
haeckel
creation and evolution are both believed by _______ .
faith
the study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment
ecology
an organism’s environment or home
habitat
the relatively thin layer of earth’s surface in which life exists
biosphere
large geographic regions within the biosphere
biomes
basic unit of ecology
ecosystem
all of the living things in an ecosystem
community
a group of organisms of the same species living in the same ecosystem
population
the smallest living unit of the biosphere
organisms
an ecosystem’s ability to withstand and recover from changes
stability
the maximum population size an ecosystem can support
carrying capacity
the number and variety of a species living within an ecosystem
biodiversity
nonliving factors including radiation, temperature, water, atmosphere, wind, and soil
abiotic
although factors in the ecosystem are always changing, the ecosystem as a whole will stay the same
dynamic equilibrium
living factors of an ecosystem
biotic
ideal range in which an organism thrives
optimum range
anything outside an organisms tolerance range
limiting factor
organisms that make their own food using inorganic materials
autotrophs
organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain nutrients from organic materials
heterotrophs
comsumers that feed only on other animals
carnivores
consumers that feed only on plants or producers
herbivores
consumers that feed on both plants and animals
omnivores
organisms that recycle nutrients back into the soil by breaking down detritus into simpler molecules
decomposers
feed on detritus but cannot convert it into soil component
detritivores
the carnivore in the highest trophic level
top carnivore
model used to show the transfer of food from one trophic level to another
food chain
model used be ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level
food web
the function or occupation of a living thing
niche
mass of living matter per unit area
biomass
a close relationship between two different species over a period of time
symbiosis
a relationship in which both organisms benefit
mutualism
a relationship in which ome benefits while the other is harmed
parasitism
relationship in which one one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped
commensalism
a predator-prey relationship
predation
a relationship in which two organisms compete for the same limited resources
competition
a relationship in which one organism inhibits another
amensalism
organisms share only an indirect relationship
neutralism
a relationship in which grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions of the plant without killing it
herbivory
water moves from the soil and from the water surfaces of the earth, through the atmosphere, and then back to the earth again
hydrologic cycle
carbon and oxygen are recycled through people, animals, and plants
carbon-oxygen cycle
the combination of a region's climax vegetation and its animal populations
climax community
biome with well-defined seasons, large trees, and diverse animal species
temperate deciduous forest
biome with long and harsh winters, freezing temperatures, snow, ice, wnd high winds
arctic tundras
regions that lose more water through evaporatiom than is gained through rain
desert