AP Psychology Unit 7 (Motivation, Emotion, & Personality) Vocabulary

Personality comes from patterns of dispositions to feel/act in a certain way

Personality test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders & psychopathy

Psychologists who developed the "Five Factor Model" trait theory of personality

Personality is described using five traits: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion

Showing ambiguous images to attempt to tap into subconscious thoughts (Ex. Rorschach Test)

Behavior, cognition, & environment all interact to determine our personality (proposed by Albert Bandura)

Our sense of how well we can do a certain thing

Psychologist who created the "person-centered perspective" to self-actualization and believed people need acceptance, genuineness, & empathy

An attitude of total acceptance toward another person

A person achieving their full potential. Becoming the best version of yourself

Psychologist who developed a Hierarchy of Needs with physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top

Theory of Motivation where behaviors are driven by instincts to survive, thrive, and reproduce

Theory of Motivation where behaviors stem from the need to reduce an urge (ex - hunger) and return to homeostasis

A balanced internal state

Our bodies have a certain preferred weight range that people drift toward

Theory of Motivation where behaviors are driven by the need to increase & find an optimal arousal level

Optimal level of arousal for performance depends on the difficulty of the task (Difficult task, want lower arousal)

A desire to perform an action driven by interest or enjoyment of the action itself

A desire to perform an action driven by a reward or punishment

When being rewarded for an action reduces intrinsic motivation & enjoyment

Psychologist best known as the Father of Psychoanalysis. Famous for his mommy issues among many other theories

Id, Ego, & Superego

Unconscious & constant drive for basic desires. Wants immediate gratification

Makes peace between the Id & Superego. Tries to satisfy desires, but in a realistic way

Our moral compass, conscientious of how we should act (very guilty overall)

Defense mechanism that banishes thoughts, feelings, or memories that cause anxiety from our consciousness

Defense mechanism that involves reverting to an earlier developmental stage

Defense mechanism that exaggerates the opposite emotion

Defense mechanism where people accuse others of the behavior they themselves are doing

Defense mechanism that tries to justify what happened

Defense mechanism that shifts aggression to a less threatening person/thing

Defense mechanism that transforms frustrations into an acceptable form

Defense mechanism that refuses to believe a situation is true

Psychologist (Neo-Freudian) who proposed the idea of Collective Unconscious and the Persona/Shadow

Jung's theory that there are common tropes across the human species (Ex - Trees of Life)

Physiological changes happen first, then emotion follows directly from these changes

Physiological changes and emotions happen simultaneously and separately

Physiological changes occur, our brain labels those changes, then emotions follow from there

Psychologist who proposed the "high" and "low" roads of emotion

Thalamus sends signals directly to Amygdala, causing an immediate, but possibly incorrect bodily response

Psychologist who proposed that people appraise events as harmless or dangerous based on both context and experience

Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Fear, Surprise, & Disgust

A culture's informal norms about how and to what extent to express yourself

The state of facial muscles tends to trigger corresponding feelings

Psychologist (sorta) who proposed General Adaptation Syndrome

Phase 1 of General Adaptation Syndrome, involves the Sympathetic Nervous System suddenly activating

Phase 2 of General Adaptation Syndrome, the heightened bodily state to deal/cope with stress

Phase 3 of General Adaptation Syndrome, our body can no longer maintain a heightened state & we're more likely to get sick or collapse

Disease-fighting cells whose release is reduced by stress

Psychologist who proposed three decision making conflict

Forced to choose between two appealing options

Forced to choose between two undesirable outcomes

Weighing whether or not to do something that has both positive and negative elements

Tendency to personalize vague statements and overestimate their truth

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it

arousal response to one event spills over into our response to the next event

lie detectors

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions

the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands

the events of our lives flow through a psychological filter. How we appraise an event influences how much stress we experience and how effectively we respond.

unpredictable large scale events

Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of "learned helplessness"

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

1. Oral Stage, 2. Anal Stage, 3. Phallic Stage, 4. Latency Stage, 5. Genital Stage

Compensation, Denial, Displacement, Introjection, Projection, Rationalization, Reaction formation, Regression, Repression, Sublimation, Undoing