Studied by 14 peopleAutotrophs
produce their own food by using photosynthesis (or chemosynthesis) to produce organic molecules from inorganic inputs.
heterotrophs
must consume other organisms to get their food. Other organisms are the source of organic molecules.
auto
plants are ____trophs
grana, granum
stacked thylakoids =
chloroplast
photosynthesis occurs in _______ organelles
stroma
fluid surrounding thylakoids/granum =
pigment in thylakoid membrane that captures sunlight
chlorophyll
sunlight
A
H2O
B
light dependent reactions
C
Oxygen
D
thylakoid
E (the green ovals)
ATP
E (the little starbursty thing in the middle)
NADPH
F
CO2
G
Calvin cycle
H
Glucose
I
Stroma
Y
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chemical equation for photosynthesis
allows for gas exchange (CO2 enters, oxygen exits)
stomata function
absorbs, reflects
Chlorophyll _____ red, blue, violet wavelengths, and _______ green and yellow wavelengths.
Chlorophyll reflects green
Why do leaves appear green?
sunlight
What energy powers photosynthesis?
substances (proteins) that absorb light, give color to objects based on which wavelengths they absorb or reflect.
What are pigments?
thylakoid membrane
Where is chlorophyll found?
reduced
CO2 is _______ to a G3P molecule
stroma
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
thylakoid membrane
Where do the light dependent reactions occur?
light dependent reactions
energy-capturing reaction
calvin cycle
carbon dioxide becomes glucose in which reaction
do include other atoms
the carbon molecules in the calvin cycle do or do not include other atoms besides carbon?
light dependent reaction
NADP+ takes up energized electrons in which reaction
light dependent reaction
NADPH and ATP are made in which reaction
calvin cycle
NADPH and ATP are used in which reaction
oxygen and glucose
2 things released by photosynthesis
H2O, CO2, sunlight
3 things reacting in photosynthesis
ATP, NADPH, O2
3 products of LDR
ADP+P, NADP+, glucose
3 products of Calvin cycle
H2O, ADP+P, NADP+, sunlight
4 reactants of LDR
CO2, ATP, NADPH
3 reactants of Calvin cycle
blue
Photosynthesis happens most efficiently at ____ wavelengths
green
Photosynthesis happens least efficiently at ____ wavelengths
Calvin cycle and light dependent reactions
2 major sets of reactions involved in photosynthesis
chemiosmosis
Process by which hydrogen ions are concentrated in the thylakoid space
RuBP, Rubisco, G3P
CO2 is fixed to ______ by _____, and is reduced to _____
one out of 6
How many G3P molecules leave the Calvin cycle each turn?
regenerating RuBP
the other five G3P cells are used for what?
5-carbon molecule in Calvin cycle
RuBP
enzyme that joins RuBP and CO2
Rubisco
they immediately split apart into two 3 carbon molecules
What happens when RuBP and CO2 join?
carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration of RuBP
3 stages of the Calvin cycle
CO2 joins to RuBP using rubisco
What happens in carbon fixation?
the 3-carbon molecule is reduced to G3P using atp and NADPH
What happens in reduction?
reduction and regeneration
In what stages of the calvin cycle is ATP used?
Electrons fuse to 3-carbon molecule using energy of ATP
What is the role of atp and nadph in reduction?
6
How many G3P are made in reduction?
G3P reforms RuBP to continue the cycle
What happens in regeneration?
glucose
G3P is used to create _____
C3
Most plants are ____ plants
C3
What type of plants photorespirate?
oxygen enters the plant, creating a useless product that must be broken down
photorespiration
stomata only open at night
CAM plant adaptation
fixation stage happens in a different cell from the rest of the Calvin cycle
C4 plant adaptation
CAM
succulents and cactus are ____ plants
capture sunlight energy and guide excited electrons to the electron transport chain
What is the function of photosystem II?
re-energize electrons to be sent to reduce NADP+
What is the function of photosystem I?
harvest energy from excited electrons to actively transport H+ ions across the thylakoid membrane to increase the concentration gradient
What is the function of the electron transport chain?
lower, higher
The concentration of H+ ions is ______ in the stroma and _____ in the thylakoid space
H+ ions will then passively transport by facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase
What is the function of the concentration gradient of H+ ions in the thylakoid membrane/stroma?
ATP synthase spins like a water wheel, providing the energy to create ATP from ADP and P
What happens when the H+ ions flow through ATP synthase?
protons
H+ ions are also known as
water splits and provides electrons
How does photosystem II replace lost electrons?
H+ ions (protons), electrons, and oxygen
3 things released when water splits
lumen
thylakoid space is also known as
C3
carbon dioxide is fixed into a 3-carbon molecule in the fixation stage in _____ plants
Note
Flashcard