AP HuG Unit 5 Agricultural Land-Use Patterns

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Primary economy

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58 Terms

1

Primary economy

Involves timber, fisheries, and mineral and energy resources

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2

Intensive agriculture

Requires significant labor input or focuses on a small plot of land

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3

Extensive agriculture

Involves limited labor input or spreads across large areas of land

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4

Hunting and gathering societies

Earliest forms of agriculture

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5

Transhumance

Seasonal movement to follow animal herds and native plants

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6

Pastoralism

Agriculture based on seasonal animal movement

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7

Nomadic herding

Communities drive herds between seasonal grazing areas

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8

Ranching

Grazing livestock in a single large area

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9

Monoculture

Common in early political civilizations, focuses on staple crops

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10

Mixed farming

Single farm with diverse crops and animals for varied intake

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11

Subsistence agriculture

Intensive mixed farming meeting all household needs

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12

Physiologic density

People per unit of arable land, higher in third world countries

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13

Food preservation

Necessity for survival via drying, pickling, and storage

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14

Communism and Agriculture

Farming under communism done collectively, eliminating private land

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15

Human ecology

Interactions with nature, including farming practices

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16

Food chain

Predator order in the animal world, integrated with human inputs

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17

Crop rotation

Planting different crops on the same land in successive years

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18

Double cropping

Successive planting of two crops in a single plot in a year

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19

Triple cropping

Planting three crops in the same plot in a year

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20

Irrigation

Critical in arid climates, responsible for most freshwater use

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21

Conservation agriculture

Preserving the environment while maintaining crop production

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22

Sustainable yield

Maximum crop or animal production without resource endangerment

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23

Alternative energy crops

Raised for industrial use or as animal feed, important for energy

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24

Slash and burn agriculture

Farmers shift plots due to soil nutrient depletion in rainforest regions

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25

Extensive pastoralism

Shifting animal herds between grazing pastures in arid regions

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26

Desertification

Human processes turning vegetated areas into desert

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27

Soil salination

Mineral salts trap due to water evaporation, poisoning crops

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28

Cultural practices

Influence food growth methods, trade, and societal support

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29

Agricultural Revolutions

Historical shifts in farming methods and productivity enhancements

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30

Vegetative planting

Growing wild plant shoots, stems, and roots together

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31

Seed agriculture

Collecting and replanting fertilized seed grains and fruits

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32

Horticulture

Cultivating plant varieties for different soil or climate conditions

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33

Hearths of domestication

Origins of early agricultural activities and domestication

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34

The Columbian exchange

Relocation diffusion of domesticated New World crops

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35

Second Agricultural Revolution

Technological advancements in agriculture post

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36

Green Revolution

Introduction of tropical hybrids and chemical inputs in Third

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37

Dwarf varieties

Important plant hybrid innovation for increased productivity

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38

Pesticides

Chemical substances to control pests, diseases, and weeds

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39

Third Agricultural Revolution

Inclusive farming approach and internationalization of industrialized farming

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40

Genetic engineering

Manipulating genes to enhance agricultural productivity

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41

Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH)

Synthetic hormone used in beef and milk production to increase yields

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42

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Plants or animals with altered DNA for desired traits

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43

Downer Cattle

Ill or lame cows unsuitable for human consumption

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44

Specialized Agriculture

Farming focusing on specific products or methods

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45

Organic Farming

Growing crops without synthetic chemicals or genetic engineering

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46

Fair Trade Movement

Focuses on fair payment to small farmers and artisans

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47

Aquaculture

Farming aquatic organisms like fish or shellfish

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48

Mediterranean Agriculture

Cultivation of crops typical to the Mediterranean region

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49

Dairy Farming

Production of milk and dairy products

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50

Milkshed

Region where fresh milk is delivered without spoiling

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51

Women in Agriculture

Female role in agricultural production and challenges faced

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52

Commodity Chains

Links from producers to consumers in product delivery

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53

Inputs in Farming

Elements needed for optimal crop yield like fertilizers and tools

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54

Avian Growth Hormones

Substances promoting growth in birds

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55

Specialized Agriculture Options

Survival strategies during farm crises

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56

Infrastructure in Agriculture

Essential for transporting agricultural goods

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57

Von Thünen's Model

Land use based on labor intensity

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58

Labor Costs

Equated to rent paid by peasants for land

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