APUSH Unit 3 Terms

In 1845, journalist John O'Sullivan coined the term to describe Americans' suddenly urgent longing to extend the boundaries of the republic to the Pacific Ocean.

16 president of the United States, he promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famed Lincoln- Douglas debates, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War, but he was determined to preserve the Union, was assassinated by Booth in 1865. Antietam.

Union army general whose march to sea caused destruction to the south. led a march to destroy all supplies and resources, beginning total warfare. He set out from Chattanooga TN on a campaign of deliberate destruction that went across the state of Georgia into SC and then into NC.

The land that Mexico gave to the U.S. Which was land from Texas to California that was north of the Rio Grande.

This legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time, so as not to upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation. It also outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory.

was an unsuccessful 1846 proposal in the United States Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican-American War. The conflict over it was one of the major events leading to the American Civil War.

the period of repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces following the creation of the new territory of Kansas in 1854

Harriet Beecher Stowe's widely read novel that dramatized the horrors of female sexual abuse in slavery. Made the Queen cry. It heightened Northern support for abolition and escalated the sectional conflict.

Laws that were made to put an end to disputes over slavery in the territories. led to the fugitive slave act and the admission of California as a free state.

Gave federal support to slave catchers. federal magistrates had to confirm the status of alleged runaways slaves. They were denied a jury trial or a right to testify.

Formed as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Lincoln was the Republican candidate in the election of 1860 and won. His anti-slavery views led to the Civil War.

Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States. The Proclamation closed the door on possible compromise with the South and encouraged thousands of Southern slaves to flee to Union lines.

were slave states that did not secede from the Union when the Confederacy formed in 1860-1861. These states included Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

was a labor system of cotton agriculture instituted soon after the Civil War and after slavery was abolished. In this system, a slave rented the use of land, house, and implements in exchange for a portion of the crop. Sharecroppers often returned over half of the crops to the landlord and made little to nothing, showing how little the abolishment of slavery had actually done.

Required the President to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees

Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments. Their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy.

was an informal agreement between southern Democrats and allies of the Republican Rutherford Hayes to settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the Reconstruction era

An 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of segregation laws, saying that as long as blacks were provided with "separate but equal" facilities, these laws did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

were any state or local laws that enforced or legalized racial segregation. These laws lasted for almost 100 years, from the post-Civil War era until around 1968, and their main purpose was to legalize the marginalization of African Americans.

These were laws enacted in the South, very shortly after the Civil war, which attempted to bring back slavery in "all but name". restricted recently freed Black people from just about anything, and this triggered an angry reaction amongst enraged Republicans when Andrew Johnson didn't do anything about it.

This is the same as the Enforcement act of 1871, which served to stop the infamous terror group, Ku Klux Klan from targeting black communities and people. The act gave the federal government the power to send in the military to enforce punishments on the Ku Klux Klan. Although it gave hope to Southern Republicans when it drove 2,000 members from South Carolina, it was too labor intensive and did nothing to mend relations in the South, so it was put on the brakes.

a period in American political history between 1828 and 1854 and saw rising levels in votes and the major parties were he Democratic led by Jackson and the Whigs led by Clay.

was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land in order to build southern transcontinental railroad, it also showed the American belief in Manifest Destiny.

It was the treaty in 1819 that purchased eastern Florida to establish the boundary between Mexico and the Louisiana territory. It provided for the cession of Florida to the United States in return for American settlement of claims of her citizens against Spain.

is the term given to the revolt against the Mexican government by American settlers in California in 1846 by John Fremont. US military forces were stationed in California at the end of the revolt. AKA Republic of California

Repealed the Missouri Compromise and created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. It also allowed for popular sovereignty.

were a series of debates between Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign, largely concerning the issue of slavery extension into the territories.

Supreme Court case that ruled that enslaved or free African Americans were not U.S. citizens and did not have any of the rights stated in the Constitution

First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South, it dispelled Northern illusions of swift victory

the Republican idealist who pushed for black suffrage during Reconstruction as a principle of black freedom and racial equality. Also was the senator of Massachusetts.

Pennsylvania congressman who led the Radical Republican faction in the House of Representatives during and after the Civil War, advocating for abolition and later, the extension of civil rights to freed blacks.

one of the first African-American regiments organized to fight for the union in the Civil War, led an attack on Ft. Wagner near Charleston, SC.

General of the Confederate troops; Prosperous in many battles; Defeated at Antietam when he retreated across the Potomac; Defeated at Gettysburg by General Meade's troops, leading to surrender to General Ulysses.

South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort. South ignited the fighting of the Civil War, provoked North to assemble army.

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

1862, the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. Essentially ended in a draw but demonstrated the prowess of the Union army, forestalling foreign intervention and giving Lincoln the "victory" he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army of about 75,000. ended in Union victory, spelling doom for the Confederacy, which never again managed to invade the North.

occurred on July 4th, 1863. As a result of this battle, Vicksburg, Mississippi fell to General Ulysses S. Grant and his army. After two months of siege, was a turning point in the war because it gave the Union control of the Mississippi.

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory. James Buchanan.

Famous as the site of the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse. where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee To Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865.

Fortress in Texas where four hundred American volunteers were killed by Santa Anna in 1836. "Remember the Alamo" became a battle cry in support of Texan independence