Unit 1: Research Methodology

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment
(left alone)

The group where the variable is being tested

A control group that is exposed to a fake treatment but doesn’t know it’s fake

Carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

The factor being manipulated or changed in an experiment

The outcome that is measured in an experiment

Any variable other than IV that could cause a change in the DV

Creating differences between your groups

When researchers influence the result of an experiment to portray a certain outcome

Neither participants nor the researcher or data gather know the hypothesis or who has been assigned to what group

The set of people from whom the sample was taken; the set of people who could have been in the experiment

Each subject has an equal chance of being assigned to the control or experimental group

A clear measure operational definition of what you’re observing

The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables

Examining an event that has already occurred for the lessons we can derive from that event

The collection of data by having people answer a series of questions

those aspects of an observational setting that cause people to behave as they think someone else wants or expects

A tendency to give socially approved answer to question about oneself(make yourself look better)

The way the issue or question is asked

Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects

Research that follows and retests the same people over time

Study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Hypothetical bell-shaped distribution curve that occurs when a normal distribution is plotted as a frequency polygon

Percentage of scores in a distribution that fall below a particular score

method for organizing data so that it shows the frequency of each value or range of values in a data set

The mean is higher than the mean

The mean is lower than the mode

Shows whether scores are packed together or spread out

The “typically” difference between each score and the mean

Average

Middle number

Frequently occurring score

the tendency of extreme scores on a variable to be followed by, or associated with, less extreme scores

Descriptive: measures the central tendency

Inferential: statistical significance

Is the outcome really the result of what you’ve manipulated

Less than a 5% chance the results are due to chance

Likelihood of an event occurring

Our brain telling us luck can change probability but probability cannot be changed

Indicates that two variables have a direct relationship

r>0

No relationship between two variables

indicates the two variables have an inverse relationship

r<0

Number between -1 and 1 that represents the strength and direction

cluster of dots each representing the values of two variables