sociology hard to rememer - paper 2

children often see the world in black and white and focus on their own needs, they are incapable of thinking outside themselves are simple and amoral. Adults are capable to see the complexity in situations and make moral decisions they are complex and moral.

boys are more likely to be allowed to cross or cycle and go out after dark unaccompanied than girls.

in lone parent households girls do more work to help than boys

asian parents of girls are stricter

children still have major impact on consumer goods

childhood isn’t disappearing there is strong evidence of continued emergence and existence of childhood through jokes and games

church records show ONLY 10% of households had extended kin prior to the industrial revolution

in london extended kin networks were still strong as late as the 1970’s

marriage is a key institution to the patriarchy

women are the reserve army of cheap labour, they reproduce the workforce.

we need new policies to be put in place to find old age

There are still class and gender differences when it comes to discrimination based on age

The trend towards smaller families began in areas where the IMR was still high

old people are of no use to the state so the state do not provide for them

lifestyles can be chosen no matter what the age which means the old age become a dempographic to economically benefit from e.g anti wrinkle cream

Some people now develop hybrid identities as a result of migration e.g bangaladeshi muslims, it involves culture, hertiage, religion etc. People no longer chose to be just one it is a mix

3 different types of migrants.

Heslots - literally slaves, the most exploited form of migrant. states and employers regard these as disposable units of labour found in unskilled poorly paid jobs. includes those illegally trafficked

Denizens - priveledged foreigh nationals who are welcomed by the state.

Citizens - have full citizenship rights - since the 70s this is hard to obtain.

assimilation policy does more harm than good. It is counter productive

in 1993 there were still high levels of sex typing of domestic tasks, younger men were more likely to think they did there fair share

women have 2.5 hours on housework, men around an hour and an extra half hour free time a day

a trend towards women doing a smaller proportion of the domestic work and men doing more

where the woman is full time and man at home they do equal amounts of domestic labour

the wife only makes unimportant decisions herself

men get more from womens unpaid domestic work than they provide financially

those who cohabit are less likely to pool money

rejects the view that all men benefit from violence against women, not all men are aggressive

domestic violence can be a result of stress and strain on families as a result of social inequalities.

stigma and negative label surrounding not being married has been in rapid decline since the 60s

marriage is less embedded in todays social systems

for many women home is unfavourable, men still resist housework which makes marriage less stable

many women feels growing dissatisfaction with patriarchal marriage and sees the increasing divorce rates as evidence of growing acceptance of feminist ideas.

5-7% will be same sex relationships

women are choosing to have families on benefits rather than with partners - they are more stable

step families are very similar to traaditional apart from the fact they are more at risk of poverty

statistics on ethnicity and family structure are misleading

the extended family offers support in pakistani and bangladeshi families still today

caribbean families in uk continue to provide support for each other even if not living under the same roof

based on class extended family had different functions, m/c - financial help father to son, w/c - domestic help mother to daughter

the beanpole family - long and thin through 3 or more generations downwards

found over 90% of people had given or received financial help, and about ½ had cared for a sick relative. shows people feel an obligation to their extended family.

access to contraception

child benefits

cutting benefits would lead to increased poverty

even policy that appears to benefit women is false, it benefits patricarhcy

policies promote 1 of 2 types of gender regime

science is more rational than religion

belief, practice, knowledge, experience, consequence.

communalism, universalism, disintrestedness, originality, scepticism

where secular symbols and rituals create social cohesion functioning like religion in a multifaith society.

it helps to integrate into the value consensus and allows individuals to make sense of their lives offering a primary source of meaning for members of society and answers to external questions.

sacred symbols in the US - a belief in americanism create solidarity in a society with diverse culture which performs function to bring people together.

argue that religion also generates conflict so a single theory of function cannot be generated.

man makes religion, it is a social construct developed by the capitalist class to develop false class consciousness.

if religion joins forces with the w/c intellectuals may be able to lead the masses in challenging the status quo to free them from oppression

martin luther king led campaign march using the southern baptist ministries which resulted in the passing of civil rights laws making discrimination based on skin colour illegal.

archbishop romero of el salvador was murdered for speaking out against the government concerning the dire conditions for the countries poor,

religion doesn’t possess dominant rule especially not on peasantry, it has a limited effect

genesis chapters 2 and 3 it is not good that man should be alone i shall make a fit helper for him

Holm

religion is used by oppressors to keep them in there place and as a way of compensating. religion is based on male interpretations

post patriarchal buddhism is developing in western countries

quakerism

religion has not always been a patriarchal institution , decrease in female religious imagery after invasion - mother goddess.

There are gender differences in terms of religious practice, beliefs, self identification private prayer and other aspects.

why are women so attracted to the new age, womens experiences of child rearing make them more likely to be attracted to new age as it makes them less aggressive and goal orientated and caring which fits with the expressive emphasis of the new age, women are more attracted to this they often feel oppressed

from the 1960s women have also taken on secular masculine roles in the public sphere.

female attraction to the new age

Brown, new age self religions appeal to women as they emphasise self and subjective experience which appeals to females wish for autonomy.

Bruce, Stark and bainbridge

bruce and herberg

religion is used as cultural transition which explains the high levels of participation in first gen immigrants.

the ageing effect, the period/cohort effect and secularisation all explain patterns of age and religious participation

There is a virtual collapse of religious socialisation, traditional sunday schools have disappeared, parents of same faith 50% change of raising child to go to church drops to 25% when parents are different faith.

close knit groups organised around common themes and interests, lack a sharply defined belief system

1980’s as society became more capitalist and individual

Beckford - the typologies are hard to apply it doesn’t allow for diversity within an instituition it also doesn’t make it clear whether to focus on teachings or individual beliefs.

Holden

Bruce and Wilson

neibuhr because they face the second generation problem

different types of sects have different outcomes in society.

Conversionist sects continue by conversion to denomination, they try to recruit as many people as possible

adventist sects remain restricted and exclusive believing that god will return and members go to heaven.

schism, modernity, marginality, relative deprivation, career success and personal growth

growth in higher education, secularisation, poverty, radicalisation

spiritual deprivation, for a sense of beloning, coping with inadequacy

founding dates of 836 non conventional religious groups this century US were rapidly growing in the 50’s which was considered to be a stable period before the 60’s

individualism and the self, life as subjective life, relativism

D - NAM’s are a response to both the failure of religion AND science leaving people to look within themselves for answers.