ESS

Transfer of energy and matter

Transfer of only energy

Transfer of neither energy nor matter

Energy can be transformed but not created or destroyed

The amount of disorder in a system increases of time

Stabilises the system, counteracts change

Destabilises the system, amplifies change

Minimum amount of change to destabilise a system

Maintains it's stability

Trapping of long wave radiation in the atmosphere

Polar, ferrel, hadley

13

14

Amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface

Forest, tundra, aquatic, grassland, desert

Community and the physical environment with which it interacts, linked together by energy and matter flows

Group of populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat

Clear change in ecosystems along an environmental gradient

Change of an ecosystem over time

Short life span and rapid growth

Long life span and slow growth

Group of organisms that share common characteristics and can produce fertile offspring

Environment in which a species lives

group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Full range of conditions and resources in which a species could survive

Actual conditions and resources in which a species exists

Predator eats prey

Animal eats plant

Parasite benefits at expense of the host

Both organisms benefit

Organisms compete for a resource

Exponential growth in population then stationary around carrying capacity (K)

Exponential growth in population then overshoot and dieback around carrying capacity (K)

Increase in contaminant in an organism or trophic level

Increase in contaminant along the food chain

Insecticide for malaria that was banned due to adverse effects on marine and bird species

Richness and evenness of a species

Range of genetic material present in a population of species

Survival of species best suited to the niche

Physical barrier leading to speciation

One group is significantly smaller and undergoes speciation

Species is spread out over large geographic area

No physical or geographical barriers but perhaps different niche

Creation of species by humans

The amount of energy / biomass converted by producers

The gain after respiration by producers in energy / biomass

Energy / biomass assimilated by consumers

The gain after respiration by consumers in energy / biomass

Less than or equal to net primary / secondary productivity

Number of individuals at each trophic level

Biological mass of the standing stock at each tropic level

Flow of energy through each tropic level

Number of births per 1000 per year

Number of deaths per 1000 per year

Average number of births per 1000

(CBR - CDR)/10 %

70 / NIR

Pro or anti increasing birth rate

Natural resources that can produce a sustainable natural income

Yield obtained from natural resources

Coming from many pplaces

Coming from one place

Can not be naturally broken down

Effect is seen shortly after pollutant

Long time effect of pollutant

Active on emission

Arising from primary pollutants undergoing physical or chemical change

Act of preserving something for future generations

Smallest edge to area ratio for better conservation

Charismatic species that people like and suport

Species that holds the system together

55

57

Over enrichment of nutrients in waterbody

63

Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (20%), carbon dioxide (0.4%), argon, water vapor, etc.

0 - 12/18 km

11 - 50 km

40/50 - 80/90 km

80/90 - 800 km

800 - 3000 km

69

Atmospheric behaviour over time

Carbon dioxide, methane, CFC, water vapor

76

78

Ecology and nature at the centre (biorights, education, self-restraint)

Humans at the centre (taxes, regulations, legislation)

Technology can solve all

81

Maximum number of species that can be sustainably supported in a given area

Area of land and water required to support a defined human population