Chapter 18 - The Age of the City

Joseph Pulitzer

________ helped popularize what became known as "yellow journalism- "a deliberately sensational, often lurid style of reporting presented in bold graphics, designed to reach a mass audience.

Thomas Edison

________ and others had created the technology of the motion picture in the 1880s.

New York City

The first tenements, built in ________ in 1850, had been hailed as a great improvement in housing for the poor.

Darwinism

________ argued that the human species had evolved from earlier forms of life (and most recently from simian creatures similar to apes) through a process of "natural selection ..

economist Simon Patten

The ________ was one of the first intellectuals to articulate this new view of leisure, which he tied closely to the rising interest in consumption.

Saloon Keepers

________ were especially important figures in urban political machines, largely because they had regular contact with so many men in a neighborhood.

Urban industrial society

________ created a vast market for new methods of transmitting news and information.

Iron

________- and steelworkers, despite the setbacks their unions suffered, saw their hourly wages increase by a third between 1890 and 1910; but industries with large female, African American, or Mexican workforces- shoes, textiles, paper, laundries, many areas of commercial agriculture- saw very small increases, as did almost all industries in the South.

relative inactivity

Rest, "as in the ________ many Americans considered appropriate for the Sabbath, was valued because it offered time for spiritual reflection and prepared people for work.

late nineteenth century

Golf and tennis seldom attracted crowds in the ________, but both experienced a rapid increase in participation among relatively wealthy men and women.

production of tin

The development and mass ________ cans in the 1880s created a large new industry devoted to packaging and selling canned food.

consumer economy

The ________ produced new employment opportunities for women as sales clerks in department stores and as waitresses in the rapidly proliferating restaurants.

1897

In ________, Boston opened the first American subway when it put some of its trolley lines underground.

Immigration

________ was providing a rapidly growing economy with a cheap and plentiful labor supply; many employers argued that Americas industrial (and indeed agricultural) development would be impossible without it.

theory of evolution

The ________ met widespread resistance at first from educators, theologians, and even many scientists.

Basketball

________ was invented in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts, by Dr. James A. Naismith, a Canadian working as athletic director for a local college.

rise of mass consumption

The ________ had particularly dramatic effects on American women.

Saloons

________ were often ethnically specific, in part because they served particular neighborhoods dominated by particular national groups.

spectator sports

The search for forms of public leisure hastened the rise of organized ________, especially baseball, which by the end of the century was well on its way to becoming the national pastime.

steam-powered

The development of large, ________ ocean-liners created a highly competitive shipping industry, allowing Europeans and Asians to cross the oceans to America much more cheaply and quickly than they had in the past.

New York

In 1870, ________ opened its first elevated railway, whose noisy, filthy steam- powered trains moved rapidly above the city streets on massive iron structures.

Fourth of July

The ________ played a large role in the lives of many working- class Americans.

Horse racing

________, popular since colonial times, became increasingly commercialized with the construction of large tracks and the establishment of large- purse races such as the Kentucky Derby.

American murder rate

The ________ rose rapidly in the late nineteenth century.

Leisure

________ had particular importance to working- class men and women- in part because it was a relatively new part of their lives and in part, because it stood in such sharp contrast to the grueling environments in which many industrial workers labored.

female college

The ________ was part of an important phenomenon in the history of modern American women: the emergence of a distinctive women's community.

Mass entertainment

________ did not always bridge differences of class, race, or gender.

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company

The ________ (A & P) began creating a national network of grocery stores as early as the 1850s and expanded it rapidly after the Civil War.

Entertainment

________ usually meant "going out, "spending leisure time in public places where there would be not only ________ but also other people.

late nineteenth century

The presence of domestic animals- horses, which were the principal means of transportation until the ________, but in poor neighborhoods also cows, pigs, and other animals- contributed as well to the environmental problems.

late nineteenth century

The incidence of respiratory infection and related diseases was much higher in cities than it was in nonurban areas, and it accelerated rapidly in the ________.