Early River Valley Civilizations

the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations

River to the west of mesopotamia

a period between the Stone and Iron Ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons

sailing, cities, writing, bronze tools, temples, artisans and specialists

River to the east of mesopotamia

a geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates

an area in the southern region of Babylonia in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC

supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc

a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system

social status or position conferred by a system based on class

an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia

an ancient branch of the Semitic languages

Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia

set of laws of Mesopotamia

a member of an ancient people who inhabited Anatolia and northern Syria about 2000 to 1200 BC; had a monopoly on iron ore

an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia which is in present-day Iraq; warlike people who used cavalry

troops trained to fight on horseback

one of the first libraries containing the epic of gilgamesh

the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia

revived the power of babylon, also called chaldea.

a part of an inscribed granite stela that was originally about six feet tall and was set up in 196 BC

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

the world's longest river; flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean

one of the two main administrative districts of Egypt; extends south from Cairo to Sudan

one of the two main administrative districts of Egypt; consists of the Nile delta

both kings and priests, believed to be godlike

first ruler of both upper and lower egypt

the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC

a political unit governed by a deity

the bronze-age culture of Crete that flourished 3000-1100 BC