APUSH U8

The US worked with Nazis to end isolationism and overrule the USSR

A political, military, and ideological barrier put up by Soviet Union after World War II to seal off from west

Said that the US will provide military aid to any government fighting against communism

The US will give economic aid to any industrial economy to prevent communism

Soviet Union withdrew from allies and tried to forcefully push them out of Berlin because Western allies agreed to help build up Germany

• blocks any resources they have coming in

Military alliance with US, Canada, and 10 other western countries

A Military alliance between the USSR and seven communist satellite states in Eastern Europe

A space competition between the US and USSR

• US: First on the moon

• USSR: First in space

A competition with hydrogen bombs and them trying to one up the severity of the other’s bombs and the amount of bombs the other had

An American communist party, who was supported by the USSR to spy on America and spread communism.

• All communist members were spies

• Stole Documents and acted as intelligence agents

• 1917–1920

• Fueled by labor activities and the Russian revolution, which was led by the working class

• 1947–1954

• Due to an uneasy wartime alliance with the USSR as communist governments increased, and they exploded their first atomic bomb

Called for loyalty investigation of all federal employees

A series of hearings about communist influence in Hollywood and blacklisting the accused communist

A relaxation of tensions that occurred in the 1970s because of the US and USSR‘s arms control agreement

The line at which Korea was divided at after Japan no longer had control of it in World War II and it was now under the control of US and USSR

North Korea invaded south to unify the country under communist control, but the UN security council repelled the invasion.

• never a formal peace treaty to end war

• A limited war

A war conducted with less than a nations total resources and is restricted in aim to less than total defeat

The US overthrow their government in order to take land and profits from the United fruit company, which was a US based company

Expanded Social Security, increased minimum wage and added national health insurance

Was made to prevent radical and religious discrimination in the workplace

• Government spending

• Increase in consumer goods

• Suburban expansion

• Low unemployment

The south was home to a lot of military bases where there was growth and construction of aircraft engines and submarines

Provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing

Suburb areas for white people that didn’t allow blacks

30 mill+ people moved west of the Mississippi river in Metropolitan area, such as Houston , Phoenix and LA

After World War II 65 million babies were born due to the G.I. Bill supporting the idea of family possibilities

Decided restrictive covenants went against equal protection provision of 14th amendment but it didn’t stop redlining or prohibition of non-whites in suburbs

White collared jobs outnumbered blue-collar jobs

Immunizations and bacterial drugs were mass produced, which increased life expectancy

Ended segregation in public education and reversed Plessy V. Ferguson

Mobilized the community to fight Jim Crow laws ending segregation on public buses and launched MLK jr’s leadership career

Led the federal government to uphold the law of the nation and enforce the brown decision

• Protected blacks right to vote

• Created a US commission on civil rights to investigate vote denials

A movement of college students who sat in places, white people refused to serve them due to segregation

• They were dissatisfied by the lack of changes in the desegregation movement

Created by students to force movement towards desegregation and included Marion Berry and John Lewis

Sent black freedom riders to south where segregation continued

Agreed that freedom riders could be arrested, but they could not be enacted with violence against them

When MK was arrested, he wrote a letter saying protesters had a duty to fight against injustices, and these injustices had to be exposed

More than 200,000 demonstrators from all backgrounds came to listen to the “I have a dream” speech while MLK lobbied Congress to build support for civil rights bill

• Lyndon B. Johnson became president and helped maintain civil rights program

• Prohibited discrimination of any kind in public accommodations and work

• Equal employment opportunity commission & Strengthened voting rights

Eliminated poll taxes in federal elections, but not state

A March to Montgomery for 50 miles, about the fact that only 3% of blacks in Selma where registered to vote

authorized the US attorney to send examines to register qualified voters

• Suspended literacy test and segregation was outlawed

the result of the voting rights act which lasted 6 days, as police brutality, fires, and looting occurred in LA neighborhood

• required national guard to restore order

started to study the causes of the urban riots

created by MLK and tried to demonstrate the need for open housing but was met with angry mobs

• wasn’t really successful

An idea that was based on individual beliefs of self-defense, acceptance of violence, and black people being able to control social, political, and economic direction

A symbol of the black power movement as he preached black nationalism and the belief that blacks should separate themselves from whites and form their own self-governing communities

a secular group made to internationalize civil rights and human rights of black Americans

• influenced by Malcolm X

• believed revolution was necessary in the US and urged Blacks to arm themselves

• called for the end of racial oppression and wanted control of major institutions

promoted economic advancements for all impoverished Americans and lobbied the federal government while hoping to institute another march

Addressed issues of racial discrimination in rental and sales of houses

300 volunteers helped register Black voters (1964)

An idea from JFK which described how Americans needed to make sacrifices for a New America

• JFK Administrations Nickname

• Johnson continued this era as he expanded medicare, federal support for education, and wilderness protection ( great society programs)

Abolished quotas and created a preference system that focused on immigrant skills the US needed and those with family relations with citizens

• feminism

• Latin X

• indigenous Americans fight for civil rights

• LBTQIA+

• Green activists

A woman activist that wrote “The Feminine Mystique”

• stated how women wanted college, careers, and a life outside the home

fought for full participation of women in mainstream American society along with equal pay

fought for contraceptives that women could control such as a birth control pill (1960)

stated that it was illegal to put restrictions on the use of contraceptives by married couples

• determined the right to privacy

Stated that unmarried people could also be given contraceptives

an unmarried Texas mother claimed the state violated constitutional rights by banning abortion

didn’t succeed b/c of a conservative woman lawyer who argued it would undermine unique privileges that women enjoyed

written by Rachel Carson about the horrors of pesticides

LatinX fought for civil equality, fairness, and the right for farmers to unionize and have collective bargaining agreements

• United Farm worker

• lead boycotts, strikes, marches, and hunger strikes

• indigenous civil rights movement

• anti-assimilation

• worked with Black panthers/black power movements

College students of all tribes occupied Alcatraz due to it previously being their land and it now being unused

• put spotlight on rights and their struggles

• led to the closing of boarding schools

Stonewall Inn welcomed the LGBTQ community but the police raided the bar which led to a multi-day uprising

a communist party who formed a national alliance made to fight for the independence of Vietnam

France wanted a stake in the region so they fought against Vietnam with the support of America while China supported Vietnam

Vietnam would be divided at this parallel for 2 years and no foreign troops could enter at this point

Vietnam War was now in full swing during the 1960s

the idea that all communist movements were orchestrated from Moscow

believed that if a single strategic country turned communist, surrounding countries were sure to follow

• building Berlin wall

• failure to push communist leader out of Cuba with the Bay of Pigs invasion

The US created a program to bomb Northern Vietnamese targets which later led to civilians also being hit and not helping the actual North Vietnam resolve

1965-1968

The US went in and searched for any evidence of South Vietnamese troops and conducted zippo raids

the act of torching villages to the ground and confiscating munitions

US military used this to remove jungle coverage that was used by Vietcong ( a north Vietnamese communist member)

During Buddhist holiday Tet, Viet Cong emerged from the tunnels and attacked almost every metropolitan center in south Vietnam ( American base and embassy)

• US later recaptured lost territory and inflicted twice as much casualties

• Those who didn’t want war in US outnumbered those who did

• soldiers began to question US involvement in war and incidents of murdering officers by their own troops increased ( fragging)

peace movement leaders opposed the war on moral and economic grounds such as innocents dying, the environment damages of American planes and military spending that took money from great society programs

granted the right to vote for 18 year olds as 19 year olds were fighting in the war already

the act of US troops gradually withdrawing from Southeast Asia as military turned fighting over to South Vietnam

Nixon announced a temporary invasion to bomb Viet Cong bases which led to an uproar in the US

students rioted in protest to Cambodia plan which led to local property destroyed and the killing of 4 students by the national guard

a company of US soldiers killed 500 unarmed villagers which only gave American protesters another example of them killing innocent people

Nixon continued bombing north vietnam to try and push them to the peace table which succeeded in a ceasefire during 1973. Vietnam was united into one communist nation and Cambodia and Laos soon followed with communist regimes.