AP BIO unit 3

All the chemical reactions occuring in an organism

starts with specific molecule and ends with product

break down complex molecules to simple compounds

release energy

build complex molecules from simple ones

needs energy input

less organization and lower energy state

more organization and higher energy state

energy of motion

energy potiential depending on location and structure

kinetic energy of atoms and molecules

potiential energy in chemical reaction

energy available for work

change in free energy

measure of disorder

net release of free energy, spontaneous

net absorption of free energy, nonspontaneous

(-ΔG) (+ΔS)

(+ΔG) (-ΔS)

modified nucleotide

building polymers

pump molecules across membrane

beating of cilia

fueling an exergonic one with released energy

cant store ATP, good energy donor

amount of energy needed to break bonds of molecules

reduce of amount of energy to start a reaction

reactant the enzyme acts on

temporary association

region of the enzyme substrate binds on

can change to fit substrate, “lock and key model”

inorganic enzyme activator such as metal

organic cofactor such as vitamins

competes with substrate for active sit

binds to other part of enzyme, causing active site shape to change

may inhibit or stimulate enzymes activity

binding stabalizes active form of enzyme

bindind stabalizes inactive form of enzyme

End product of metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway

when cells derive energy from glucose

(equation)

Lose Electrons = Oxidized

Gain Electrons = Reduced

breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules

completes breakdown of glucose

accounts for most of ATP synthesis

(photo)

ATP produced in Glycolisis and Citric Acid Cycle

(photo)

(photo)

Glucose - NADH - ETC - Oxygen

When oxygen in not present after glycolisis

process that converts light energy into chemical energy

produce their own food (producers)

comsume other organisms (consumers)

Leaves, CO2 enters and O2 exits pores called stomata

Light reactions and Calvin Cycle

distance between crests of waves

absorb visible light, wavelengths not absorbed are reflected

(photo)