apgov unit 1

the powers not given to the federal government go to the people and the states (reserved powers)

a revision or change to a bill, law, or constitution

opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution because it gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state governments and it lacked a bill of rights

the first national constitution of the United States, which created a government lasting from 1781 to 1789; replaced by the current Constitution

the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing certain rights and liberties to the people

money given to states for general programs within a broad category

written by Anti-Federalist Robert Yates to convince the people of New York to not ratify the Constitution, suggesting that republics had to be small and homogeneous--not large and diverse--to be successful and arguing that a Bill of Rights was a critical part in the protection of the people's liberties

the hierarchical structure and standardized procedures of govt allow bureaucrats to hold the real power over public policy.

federal grants for specific purposes defined by law

each branch of government is subject to restraints by the other two branches

resolved differences between northern and southern states; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for 20 years.

gives the national government the power to regulate trade with foreign nations, between states (interstate commerce) and with Indian tribes, often used by the courts to expand the powers of Congress

powers shared by the federal and state governments

the document setting forth the laws and principles of the government

cooperation among federal, state, and local governments

drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson, declared America's separation from Great Britain

powers specifically granted to the national government by the constitution

a system whereby the people rule either directly or by elected representation

an effort to shift responsibility for a wide range of domestic programs to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government

citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues

federal and state governments each have defined responsibilities within their own sphere of influence

representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and vice president

a small group of people identified by wealth or political power, who rule in their self-interest.

powers given specifically to the national government; for Congress those powers are listed in Article I, Section 8, including coining money, taxing, and declaring war

states may return fugitives to a state from which they fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the state's governor

power is divided between the states and the federal government

a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states

Madison suggests that the union under the new constitution is a safeguard against factions, defined factions, and argued to either eliminate factions by removing their causes, or limit their impact by controlling their effects

Madison argues that the government under the new constitution will not become too powerful because the separation of powers will keep each branch in check

written by Hamilton, Jay, and Madison to support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

supported a strong central government and expanded legislative powers

national government's use of fiscal policy to influence states through the granting or withholding of appropriations

the policies of taxation and spending that comprise the nation's economic policy

states are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states

the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy

a committee formed at the Constitutional Convention, composed of one member from each state, who helped create the Great Compromise to settle the dispute between large and small states over representation in the house of Congress

programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs

Settled disputes between the states over the structure of the legislative branch

democracy seen as a system of many groups pulling government in many directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness.

not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the Necessary and Proper (elastic) Clause

powers that exist for the national government because it is sovereign

agreements between states to work together on common issues

authority given to the courts to review the constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; established in Marbury v. Madison

basic principle of U.S. government that each person has rights that government cannot take away

established the principle of judicial review

Supreme Court decision upholding the supremacy of the national government over the states

basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights that a government cannot deny

gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary to carry out their constitutional duties, found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18

proposal for a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote; favored by smaller states who preferred equal representation among the states

a government in which all or most citizens participate directly

interest groups compete in the political arena with each promoting its own policy preferences through organized efforts

method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government

basic principle of U.S. government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

basic principle of U.S. government which holds that the people are the source of all governmental power

states are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states

the exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society

method of enacting a constitution or amendment into law

citizens choose officials (representatives) who make decisions about public policy

a system in which the people give authority to government and exercise their power by delegating it to representatives chosen by them through the election process

powers given to the state government alone

giving money back to state and local governments with no strings attatched

practice by which power is separated among three branches of government; each branch has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches

uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes; caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working

a voluntary agreement between the government and the governed

national law supersedes all other laws passed by states; found in Article VI of the Constitution

agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives for taxation

Supreme Court found that the 1990 Gun Free School Zones Act did violate the Constitution, claiming Congress was overusing its powers granted under the Commerce Clause

Madison's plan for a bicameral legislature, with the executive and judiciary chosen by the legislature