Chapter 25: Digestion and Human Nutrition

________ is needed to synthesize and maintain collagen, and its deficiency can cause gums to bleed and skin to bruise easily.

________ is a severe psychological disorder characterized by an irrational fear of getting fat.

________ can interfere with vitamin absorption and increase excretion.

________ can lead to safe weight loss at a reasonable rate of ½ to 2 pounds per week.

________ and linoleic acids are essential dietary fatty acids that can be found in fatty fish and plant oils.

________ transport lymph to cardiovascular veins.

________ for cells like carbohydrates, but fat is stored for the long term in the body.

________ is essential for the functioning of the body's immune system, muscles, bones, and blood circulation.

________ acts on a protein molecule to produce peptides.

________ is broken down into glucose and fructose in the small intestine and absorbed into the bloodstream.

________ and fatty acids enter the epithelial cells of the villi and are packaged as lipoprotein droplets, which enter a lacteal.

________ are absorbed into cells throughout the body from the bloodstream.

The ________ covers the glottis to prevent food from entering the larynx.

________ can be used to compare two products of the same type if the serving sizes are the same.

________ are present in food as sugars, starch, and fiber.

________ and amino acids are small molecules that are absorbed into the cells of the villi and enter the blood.

________ is often due to the blockage of arteries by plaque, which contains saturated fats and cholesterol.

________ can take daily supplements with recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals.

________ is a type of nondigestible carbohydrate derived from plants.

The ________ provides recommendations on the ChooseMyPlate.gov website for the minimum quantity of foods in each group that should be eaten daily.

________ are omnivores with sharp incisors for biting, pointed canines for tearing, and premolars and molars for grinding and crushing food.

________ helps in deciding how daily calorie intake should be distributed among food choices.

________- derived foods generally have less protein per serving and lack one or more essential amino acids, making them "incomplete "or "low- quality "protein sources.

________ can be harmful or deadly when ingested in excess.

________ is determined genetically, while weight is influenced by other factors such as diet and lifestyle.

________ and other liquids are absorbed in the stomach, but other nutrients are not.

________- derived foods such as eggs, milk products, meat, and poultry contain all 9 essential amino acids and are considered "complete "or "high- quality "protein sources.

________ is digested to glucose in the digestive tract, and any excess glucose is stored as glycogen.

________, such as increasing physical activity and reducing portion sizes, are necessary for weight loss and maintenance.

Food is chewed in the mouth and mixed with ________, which digests starch to maltose.

________ completes the digestion of maltose to glucose.

The ________ must move through the pharynx and into the esophagus because the air passages are blocked.

The ________ has a blind pouch called the cecum, with a small projection containing lymphatic tissue called the appendix.

The ________ is a narrow opening at the base of the stomach.

________ is an adaptation to a diet rich in fiber that may have been promoted by competition among the many types of animals that feed on grass.

There are six ________: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and water.

________ can meet their protein needs by consuming grains, beans, nuts, tofu, soymilk, and other foods made from processed soybeans in various combinations.

The ____ is a system of organs that breaks down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy and nutrients.

The ____ is a flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea (windpipe).

The ____ is a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

____ is a series of wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

The ____ is a muscular sac that churns and mixes food with digestive juices.

____ are animals that have a four-chambered stomach and chew their cud.

____ is a semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices that leaves the stomach.

The ____ is an organ that produces pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes that help to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

The ____ is a long, coiled tube that is the site of most nutrient absorption.

The ____ are tiny finger-like projections that line the small intestine and increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.

The ____ is a lymphatic vessel that carries fats away from the small intestine.

____ are nutrients that provide the body with energy.

____ is a type of carbohydrate that the body cannot digest.

____ is a condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat.

____ are a type of fat that is found in the blood.

____ are nutrients that are essential for growth and repair of tissues.

____ are minerals that the body needs in large amounts.

____ are substances that protect the body from damage caused by free radicals.

____ are substances that are taken in addition to the diet to provide nutrients that may not be getting enough of.

____ is a measure of body fat based on height and weight.

____ is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.