Organic Chemistry | Midterm Exam

Organic Chemistry

area of chemistry that involves the study and its compound

Carbon

known to form a seemingly unlimited number of compounds

Hydrocarbon

a compound composed of only carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms

Saturated hydrocarbon

=if all the covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule are single bond

Alkane homologous series

saturated hydrocarbons

·        Straight-chain alkane

·        Branched-chain alkane

·        Cyclic alkane

A saturated hydrocarbon can be:

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

molecule made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms, its either double or triple bond

Alkene

contains double bond

Alkyne

contains triple bond

Alkene or Alkyne homologous series

unsaturated hydrocarbons

·        Straight-chain alkene

·        Branched-chain alkene

·        Cyclic alkene

·        Straight-chain alkene

·        Branched-chain alkene

An unsaturated hydrocarbon can be:

Hydrocarbon molecule

contains only carbon and hydrogen

·        Alkanes

·        Alkenes

·        Alkynes

·        Aromatics

Structural types of hydrocarbons

CnH2n+2

Formula Alkanes

·        Melting Point

·        Boiling Point

·        Solubility

Physical Properties of Alkanes

Alkyl groups

formed by removing one hydrogen from alkane

Cycloalkanes

alkanes that contain a ring

CnH2n

Formula for Alkenes

CnH2n-2

Formula for Alkumes

CnH2n

Alkynes also called ___

Alcohol

one of the most important functional groups

Alcohol

good source of reagents for synthesis reactions

Monohydroxyl alcohols

one -OH group

1. Primary Alcohol

2. Secondary Alcohol

3. Tertiary Alcohol

Classification of Alcohols

Phenol

Classification of Alcohols

C6H5OH

Formula for Phenol

Phenol

-        Also known as benzenol or carbolic acid

Monohydric Phenols

hydroxybenzene

Dihydric Phenols –

dihydroxy benzene

Trihydric Phenols

trihydroxy benzene

Ethers

class of organic compounds that contain an oxygen group connect to 2 alkyl groups

Aldehydes and ketones

have higher priority than all the other functional groups

Aromatic aldehydes

derivatives of benzaldehyde

Ketones

contain the function group of R-CO-R

Propanone

simplest member of ketone family