Module 1: Pharmacology

1 kg

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position head to target sinus

herbs interacting w drugs

movement of drugs through the body

scientific study of the biological effects of chemicals

drugs

nurses

treat, prevent, and diagnose disease

Chemicals, plants, inorganic compounds, animal byproducts, and synthetic sources

has to have therapeutic value and efficacy

aluminum, fluorine, gold, and iron

a synthetic version of the active chemical found in the plant will be processed

human chemicals

they will produce what the patient’s body will not

effective, safe, and selective

therapeutic, adverse, and side

good and what the drug is intended for

bad, can be fatal or life threatening, will result in discontinuation of drug

common and usually mild but can be unpleasant effects not life threatening

body on drugs

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

how the drug gets into the body

blood

oral

the drug being converted into its active/ less active form

liver

the removal of the drug from the body

kidneys

elderly and infants

the patient can struggle to rid the body of the administered drug

drug on the body

good drugs

blockers, bind to active site and prevet agonist from being effective

strength of drug based on dose/concentration

the effect we want the drug to cause

when a drug becomes toxic/ the concentration at which the drug is effective

prolonged effect of drug, takes longer to be in effect

instant effect, wears off quicker than oral route

higher dose of medication to kickstart therapeutic index, drug will be given in a smaller dose after loading dose to keep drug in therapeutic index

the body can become tolerant to some drugs causing them to not work or produce effects on the body

prolonged exposure to the drug

increased dosage of medication

FDA

regulate drugs, tests drugs, makes sure theyre safe for the public

works with controlled substances

FDA

DEA

Schedule 5- schedule 1

high abuse potential, no accepted medical use

high abuse potential w severe dependence, accepted medical use

less abuse potential and moderate dependence includes some control but not a lot

less abuse potential, limited dependence

limited abuse potential, may be OTC medicatiosn

chemical or drugs that causes adverse effects to a fetus

a-x

OK to be used based on studies

may be ok in humans

caution

do not use

risks outweigh the benefits

chemical, generic, and trade/brand

chemical structure, not used by nurses

original designation of drug, safe effective and cost-effective

given to by pharmaceutical company (ibuprofen)

drugs that are created for very rare disease, not owned by anyone, made in other countries and not approved by the fda, may have adverse effects

no prescription required, grandfathered (used to need a prescription but has been proven safe for OTC use), tested and regulated by the FDA, NEED TO KNOW IF PATIENT IS TAKING ANY OTC DRUGS

fat and water soluble, NEED TO KNOW WHAT VITAMINS A PATIENT IS TAKING

found naturally in the body, can have too much

b vitamins, excreted by kidneys

name, generic name, strength, lot #, expiration date, manufacturing company, how to store drug, administration, warnings, NDC number (identification of drug)

prepared by manufacturers, chemical and study info, intended targets are healthcare professionals

age, dosage, body weight, attitude, tolerance, interactions w other drugs, purity of drug, method of administration, rates of absorption and metabolism, general health

two drugs reacting to one another

can cause drugs to not work or can cause them to become toxic depending on drug plasma concentration

results from drugs interacting with food and or beverages

alternatives, may mask serious underlying conditions

drug accumulation ( increased adverse effects)

largely unpredictable

unexpected reactions the first time a drug is given

affects production of breastmilk and can be transferred to child through breastmilk

when one requires a drug to function

drugs that cause cancer

drugs that harm fetuses

drugs that can result in death or congenital defects

medications can cause damage to nephrons, decreased ability to excrete waste, inability to maintain body fluid and electrolyte balance

oral drugs are absorbed and passed through the liver

affect the skin (rashes)

overuse of antibiotics

drugs that affect your blood system, can decrease blood marrow (higher cancer risks)

drugs can make your glucose high and low

low blood sugar

high blood sugar

low serum of potassium

cramps, tingliness, numbness, NVD, weakness, disorientation

weakness, muscle cramps, EKG abnormalities (spiked T wave)

vision toxicity (blurred vision, blindness, color vision changes, corneal damage)

balance as well as hearing, damage to hearing, dizziness, tinnitus, loss of balance, hearing loss

pushing a medication too fast