AP Human Geography Exam Review

Breakup of a country into smaller regions or countries

Traditional society, preconditions to take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and age of high mass consumption

Products are delivered right when they are needed in the production processing

Specific areas that are considered centers of economic growth and development

Decline of industrial production

tourism that focuses on experiencing natural areas while minimizing the negative impact on the environment

GNI

To promote local job growth

Can reduce the cycle of poverty

Claims that rich core capitalist societies succeed by exploiting poorer peripheral ones

trade without tariffs or restrictions

each offers something to the other that it needs or wants (higher the score, the more complementary)

ability to produce a good/service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers

A shift (may be in production, employment, trade, ect)

Relocating a business to a foreign country

Hiring an outside company to r create goods that were traditionally done in-house

Core countries have products made in semi and periphery countries and then having them shipped back

Phenomenon where an event leads to a chain reaction of economic activity

the activity that must be given up in order to conduct the current activity

Most developed; highest standard of living

total value of all goods and services within a country; Economy growing

countries total economic output; Factors residents in other countries

Total amount of income generated by a countries residents

Measures inequalities in health, education, and economic participation (higher the score more inequality)

Economic development increases the amount of gender equality in a society (women gain more roles in societies advances in the DTM)

looks at health, wealth, and assess to education; Higher the score, the less inequality

Countries that still heavily rely on the exportation of raw resources to DCs

Countries with emerging economies that are industrializing

Transportation, agglomeration, and labor

location of manufacturing plants

Good that gets lighter

Clustering of different economic activities in a specific area

location of where goods are transferred from one mode of transportation to another (product may go from a ship to a train)

Gentrification, urban sprawl, racist practices (red lining), and environmental issues

Mining, agriculture (extracts raw goods)

End product is more profitable than the raw materials

service jobs

jobs that acquire services/sharing info (research)

CEO, board of trusties

manufacturing (produces things)

Small scale businesses operated out of a persons home; were more common before the industrial rev but were less as factories became more common

Concentric, sector, and multiple nuclei

Stimulus Diffusion

Close to the CBD, Further from the CBD, furthest from the CBD

Clustered, dispersed, and linear settlements

Trade, colonialism, technology, globalization

Belief that ones nation is superior to others

Non-religious

Cultures become less similar

An ethnic group that is district from the majority group

Blending of 2+ cultural influences (to form a new one)

Organizations made up of multiple states like NATO and the UN

Migration within a country

High CDR

A TFR of 2.1

number of mothers who die in childbirth for every thousand births

Average number of children a female will have in her lifetime

how many babies, per thousand births, die before their first birthday

Developing countries

annual percent growth rate of a population ((CBR-CDR)/10)

Shrinking pop

Underdeveloped rural countries

developed countries

Rate of deaths in a year (deaths/total pop * 1000)

infants born in a year (live births/total pop * 1000)

Robinson

Mercator

Show where something is in space (Political, roads, physical)

Show spatial aspects of info (isoline, cartogram, dot)

Because of technology, places seem more connected even though they are actually far apart

Connectedness between variables over space

Area that lacks public services, quality infrastructures, and higher concentration of poverty and crime

Shift in power from central to regional governments in a state

Boundaries between cultural groups

Quebec and Ontario

US and Canada

Boundaries that no longer exist but still impact culture

Berlin Wall

Drawn by foreign powers

Scramble for Africa

created before the area is populated with human society

Cities connected by a belt way outside the city limits

Zones where local policies create incentives to create affordable housing for lower income residents

the likelihood of places interacting

Part of a settlement where people don’t have a legal claim to the land

One of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes.

Refusing to provide loans to certain people

Segregation of people along ethnic and racial likes that are not officially enforced by law

cities trying to manage their growth to reduce sprawl

Only allow development to happen within the boundary to reduce urban sprawl but they might lead to an increase density inside the area causing gentrification and increased rent

Cities that utilize tech and data to reduce inefficiencies

Urban policies that express the use of existing infrastructure and resources to reduce sprawl

Urban planning to create more walkable cities that are more sustainable to provide connections

Diverse housing, walkability, quality architecture

goal is to create more compact cities through mixed used areas or pedestrian friendly communities

Local govs created by a state or national gov

Gov. regulation on how land can/cannot be used (commercial, agricultural, residential, and industrial)

Max distance someone will travel for a good/service

Connections between different places (airports)