Studied by 5 peoplewhat is quantitative data
data that can be counted or measured; data with numbers
what is qualitative data
data that cannot be counted; data with only words
what is a cohort
an age group on a population pyramid
where were the earliest cities located
ports on deep water (for trade), and coastal plains (for shipping+ agriculture)
which theory explains how transportation affected the size and location of cities
borchert’s epochs
how did railways change the size/shape of cities
interior cities grew near railroad hubs/tracks
how did highways/cars change the size/shape of cities
rapid suburbanization occurred
define megacity
city with a population of 10mil+
define metacity
city with a population of 20mil+
what are squatter settlements and why do they occur
slums on the outskirts of cities (found in LDCs), due to lack of affordable housing for urban migrants
what is causing rapid population growth in megacities in periphery countries
economic movement into the secondary sector-job opportunities, green revolution and mechanization mean less agricultural labor
explain the income gap between the city center and peripheral areas of megacities in LDCs
city center: high income/modern tech
periphery: squatter settlements
what is a greenbelt
farm/park land that only allows small development
what is decentralization
movement of the population/businesses from central city to suburbs
what is an edge city
a city/businesses on the outskirts of the central city due to urban sprawl
synonym for exurban node
edge city/business centers in suburbs
what are the environmental issues of suburbanization
loss of greenbelts/deforestation, reliance on cars: fossil fuels, loss of prime agricultural land: more chemical fertilizers
why is railway/bus use increasing in cities
helps address traffic issues, high cost of fossil fuels in cars
what do slow growth policies do
decrease city growth to limit urban sprawl
what type of businesses are found in the CBD and why
retail complexes due to central location, easy transport, and small land use (due to expensive rent)
are there many residences in the Central Business District
no, mostly businesses
which model has a transitional zone of low income housing and industrial land
burgess concentric zone
which model is highly influenced by transportation patterns
Hoyt Sector model
what model has their low income in a linear area from the center, around transportation
hoyt sector model
which modelS explain rapidly growing cities based on the automobile causing decentrilization in the city
galactic and multiple nuclei
based on the european city model would you find more modern high rise office buildings in the center or edge cities
edge cities/suburbs to avoid historic areas
what is at the center of the latin american city model
central plaza with cathedral in the middle
what international city model is centered around a port
southeast asian city
which model has a commercial spine bordered by elite residential housing
latin american model
which models have religious buildings at the heart of their center
latin american and islamic city model
which models are influenced by their economic position in wallersteins world theorys system
sub-saharan africa- mining zone, periphery zone
latin american- gentrification, semi periphery
southeast asia- port zone for exporting goods
whats a primate city
largest city that has the most influence and has 2x the population of the second largest city
which theory explains why larger cities have more specialty services than smaller cities
central place theory
what is a threshold
minimum # of people needed to support a service
what is a range
maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service
what is the gravity model
the amount of interactions 2 countries have is determined by how big the population is
what is a world city
cities that are the center of info + capital around the world, usually a countrys capital
what are the three world cities?
new york, london, tokyo
what ways are cities linked globally and therefor transcend national political boundaries
ethnic enclaves, headquarters for multinational corporations, financial media centers, head quarters for supranational organizations.
why did companies like call centers first move to the South
cheap land, labor, and taxes
less 2nd sector work due to industrialization
what is a basic industry
consumers live outside of town, causes growth
what is a nonbasic industry
consumers live in town, no growth
what is gentrification
when upper class residents move into lower class areas, kicking low income residents out
what is new urbanism
urban planning that encourages mixed land use and environmentally friendly practices
how did suburbanization lead to the deterioration and eventual need for urban renewal in the central city
loss of tax revenue leading to the forming of disamenity zone
what is mixed land use
mixing residential and commercial land
where is mixed land use done and what does it prevent
located in the suburbs, prevents urban sprawl
how does new urbanism help the environment
mixed land use causes walkability, meaning less car pollution
puts importance on greenbelts and cleans potentially dangerous brownfields
what are the negative of gentrification
high rent costs 2) loss of old businesses
what are the positives of gentrification
new businesses 2) high quality housing 3) increased tax revenue
what are the preventions of gentrification
inclusionary zones 2) rent control 3) increased public/social housing
what are the causes of gentrification
revitalizing brownfields 2) high rent costs in other areas 3) close to work/amenities
what are brownfields and what is happening to them
former industrial sites that are changed into sustainable mixed land use areas.
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