AP Human geography Unit 1

How quickly and easily people in one location can interact with people in another location

Refers to the physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape.

How well two locations are tied together by roads or other links

Anything built by humans which is unique to their specific culture

The number of items in a given area

Used to describe where things are in relation to each other.

are the four main points of a compass, north (N), south (S), east, and west (W).

(the points equally between each cardinal direction) are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW)

How near or far things are apart in measured terms such as feet, miles, meters, or kilometers

Indicates the degree of nearness based on time or money

The inverse relationship between distance and connection, the further away, the less connected

The alteration of a shape or other physical characteristic of an object

The way a phenomenon is spread out over an area

The general arrangement of things in the distribution of phenomena

restaurants in a food court or cities along an international boarder

are in a straight line ex towns along a railroad line

are spread out over a large area examples airports in a metro area

are equally spaced from a central point, forming a circle ex home of people who shop at a particular store

are in a regular arrangement ex squares or blocks formed by roads in a city

appear to have no order to their position ex the distribution of pet owners in a city

The distance of features above sea level, usually measured in feet or meters

The belief that landforms and climate are the most powerful forces controlling human behavior and societal development while ignoring the influence of culture

A view that acknowledges limits on the effects of the natural environment and focuses more on the role that human culture plays

The act of physically visiting a location, place, or region and recording, firsthand, information there.

Comprehension, identification, explanation, prediction

The further apart things are, the less connected they tend to be

Data that is quantitative or qualitative and may be gathered by organizations or individuals

Cities that have been abandoned, particularly in the western US

Computer system that can store, analyze, and display information from multiple digital maps or geospatial data sets

(Unit 3) The increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s

Receivers on the earth's surface (like your phone) use the location of multiple satellites (a minimum of 4) to determine and record a receiver's exact location

A half of the earth. Separated into North and South and East and West

The relationship between humans and the natural world, the connection and exchange between them.

How humans have understood, used, and changed the surface of the earth

The task of defining and describing landscapes

The distance north or south of the equator given in degrees also called parallels

23.4394 degrees north of the Equator. Most northerly latitude at which the sun can appear directly overhead at noon

23.4394 degrees south of the Equator. Most southerly latitude at which the sun can appear directly overhead at noon

0 degrees, a line equally distant (equidistant) from the north and south poles, divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres.

The set of curving imaginary lines that run north-south and come together at the poles.

A circle of constant longitude that pass through both poles.

The meridian designated as 0 degrees longitude, passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, divides earth into eastern and western hemispheres.

(not a meridian) The internationally recognized boundary at which each calendar day starts.

The precise spot where something is, according to a system. Typically given in longitude and latitude coordinates.

A description of where something is in relation to other things. West Forsyth High School is west of Central Forsyth High School

The process of showing a curved surface on a flat surface

lines of longitude converge, lines of latitude are curved, shape and size are close to reality Distortions: Direction is not constant on a world map, longitude and latitude appear constant, land masses near poles (Greenland) appear large

Directions shown accurately, lines of longitude and latitude meet at right angles Distortions: distance between lines of longitude and latitude appear constant, land masses near the poles (Greenland) appear much larger than they are, land masses near the equator (Africa) appear much smaller than they are

Sizes of land masses are accurate Distortions: Shapes of land masses are inaccurate, especially near the poles

no major distortions, oval shape appears more like a globe than they would with a rectangular map Distortions: Area, shape, size, and directions area all slightly distorted

a personal visualization of spatial information, or a map of information in the human mind

Designed for people to refer to for general information about places

Show and label human-created boundaries and designations, such as countries, states, cities, and capitals

Show and label features, such as mountains, rivers, and deserts

Show and label highways, streets, and alleys

Show and label property lines and details of ownership

The ratio between the size of things in the real world and the size of those same things on the map.

The way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents

A LARGE amount of area. The map shows less detail (ex: Earth at night)

A SMALL amount of area. The map shows a great amount of detail (ex: walking map of New York City)

Defined by the type of boundaries shown on the map

map of Cumming, GA)

Middle Georgia, Africa)

the different countries in Europe)

The entire world with no country or continental boundaries shown

Show spatial aspects of information or of a phenomenon

Use various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data

Used to show the specific location and distribution of something across a map

Uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something

Uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space (ex. elevation)

Maps that use isolines to represent constant elevations

The sizes (ex country or state) are shown according to a specific statistic

A set of interconnected entities, sometimes called nodes

describing an area in terms of its individual characteristics, such as a shared language or cultural identity, that make that place unique

A group of places in the same area that share a characteristic

Defined by the informal sense of the place that people ascribe to it

United by one or more traits such as political, physical, cultural, or economic

Organized around a focal point and defined by an activity (political, social, or economic) that occurs across the region

Highly industrialized and wealthy, first world, most developed

Those in the process of developing industry, less developed, newly industrialized

More reliant on producing raw materials than on industry, third world, least developed

The specific human and physical characteristics of a location

The study of the spatial characteristics of carious elements of the physical environment ex: landforms, bodies of water, climate, ecosystems, and erosion

Topography, soil, water sources, vegetation, and elevation

The method or action used in order to reach a specific pattern

Nearness in space, time, or relationship

Not usually represented by numbers ex: interviews, photographs, remote satellite images, descriptions, or cartoons

Any information that can be measured and recorded using numbers

Use of cameras or other systems mounted on aircraft or satellites to collect digital images or video of the earth's surface

How humans perceive the characteristics of places in different ways

The characteristics, such as soil type, climate, and labor force, at an immediate location

The location of a place relative to its surroundings ex Denver is at a higher location than Eastern Colorado

The area between two or more phenomena or things

The general arrangement of things being studied and the repeated sequences of events, or processes that create them.

Considers the arrangement of the phenomenon being studied across the surface of the earth

The increasing connection between places

Using resources in a way that allows their use in the future while minimizing negative impacts on the environment

The shrinking time-distance or relative distance between two locations because of improved methods of transportation and communication

Elevation and changes in elevation

Place or geographic names