Unit 2: Cellular Structures

Contains more solute than the cell in the solution

The cell will lose water and will shrivel up (it will probably die)

The cell loses water and shrivels, the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall (plasmolysis) and the plant will wilt.

Located inside cell, attached to membrane. Used for transport/framework

Covalently bonded carbs to proteins. Used for cell to cell recognition.

Carbs that are covalently binded to the bilayer. Used for cell to cell recognition.

Solutes move down their concentration gradients across the bilayer. Doesn't require energy or proteins.

The movement of polar molecules (or ions) through transport proteins (channel proteins). No energy needed.

Used as a temperature buffer. Hydrophobic and embedded within the membrane

The pumping of a molecule against it's concentration gradient. Requires energy and a protein.

Produces ATP

A type of endocytosis involving a larger substance engulfing a smaller one.

Transports and directs proteins. Around the nucleus (in comparison to the golgi body)

Modifies, distributes, packages, and ships proteins

Storage in plants

Sacs made of membrane

Cellular uptake of macromolecules by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround macromolecule to form vesicles

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and are generally bigger.

Sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest

Phosphate, hydrophilic heads.
Fatty acid, hydrophobic tails.
Selectively permeable.

Loosely bound to the surface of the membrane. Used for cell to cell recognition.

Spans the membrane. Used for transportation and cell to cell recognition.

Protein synthesis

Regulates what enters and exits the cell

Contains genetic information

Site of photosynthesis

Cellular secretion of macromolecules by a fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane

No net movement of water (but it still moves). An ideal solution for an animal cell.

Not ideal. The cell will become flaccid (limp).

Contains less solute than the cell.

Cell will gain water faster than it loses it and will eventually lyse (burst).

Wall will exert pressure on the cell. The cell is turgid and healthy.

Ribosomes, Chromosomes, Plasma Membrane, and Cytoplasm

Phospholipid bilayer, integral proteins, peripheral proteins, cholesterol, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, glycoproteins, and glycolipids

The facilitated diffusion of water