unit 2 terms

mirrors the view of their districts

chooses what they believe is best

mix of delegate and trustee; typically follows the trustee model until their constituents push them towards delegate on certain issues

can be used only in the SENATE to stall a bill from being debated on, no time restraint yap

unrelated amendment added to a bill

prevents bill from being brought to the floor for debate (SENATE)

motion to stop debate on a bill and ends filibusters (requires 60/100 members) (SENATE)

agreement to set terms/rules before considering a bill, typically used to restrict debates or speed up the process (SENATE)

majority of the HOUSE can vote to force a bill out of committee and onto the floor for debate

consists of the entire HOUSE, called to consider a specific bill with different rules than the regular House meeting in order to make it faster/easier to consider complex bills

permanent, proposed bills go here first, where they are edited and marked up and either passed or killed (most bills die here)

include both House and Senate, normally used for investigations or communicating with the public

temporary committees created in each house for a special reason

temporary committees made from members of both house committees who wrote a bill in order to compromise differences between the version in order to pass the bill

bills made by a representative to get funding/money to their home state

“if you vote for my bill i’ll vote for yours”

Congress has the power to create and pass the federal budget

must be authorized by Congress and President every year (defense, education)

does NOT have to be approved yearly (“entitlement programs” like Social Security, Medicaid, and Medicare)

taxing, gov spending, federal budget

changing number of seats in House of Reps

ceremonial head of state, handles foreign policy, enforces laws, veto, appoint federal judges, SCOTUS justices, department secretaries, ambassadors to be approved by Congress, negotiates treaties that must be ratified by 2/3 of Congress, executive agreements (agreements between country leaders, do NOT have to be approved by Congress), commander in chief

chief of party, bully pulpit, set legislative agenda, build morale, executive order

House impeaches (brings charges against) president by majority vote, Senate holds trial with Chief Justice

ensures that policies and programs created by Congress and executive branch are carried out and enforced

work directly under the president, heads of these departments are part of the president’s cabinet

created to regulate some aspects of society (eg: FCC, FEC)

created when there are services the government wants to offer to the public but the free-market is the best way to do it (eg: US Postal Service)

relationship between bureaucratic agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups

a close working relationship formed when issues affect many groups by pro/con coalitions of interest groups, Congress members, and bureaucrats