Anthropology Unit Test

System of ideas, values, behaviours and attitudes of a society.

Any member of the group consisting of all modern and extinct humans and their immediate ancestors. Hominins are bipedal and have larger brains.

the branch of zoology that studies primates

the scientific study of human fossils

The idea that it is impossible to have true knowledge about the modern world due to ones beliefs and bias point of view.

Postmodernists study recent and active topics surrounding society trends.

The trait of walking upright, on two legs.

the scientific study of language

The theory that all humans are born with internal, universal rules for grammar.

the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures

Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions while considering and representing facts.

Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

The examination of one's own beliefs, judgments and practices during the research process and how these may have influenced the research.

Study of the origins and cultures of different races and peoples.

Evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture. Biased.

Part of ethnology. Study of cultures and people by immersing themselves in the culture for long periods of time and taking notes.

Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal.

The theory that all aspects of a society, institutions, roles, norms, serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society

Cultural materialism contends that the physical world impacts and sets constraints on human behaviour. They give priority to the material world over the world of the mind when they explain human societies.

ex. the protection of sacred cows in India

Seeks to reduce male bias, ensure female voices were being heard and included in research.

Study how cultures determine gender roles

Compare cultures to see which gender dominates

Study of how humans are genetically different. How genes are inherited.

Pioneered the idea of ethology, social anthropology and participant observation. He studied the people of the Trobriand Islands in 1915. Learned their language and participated in everyday life with the people.

Studied the Copper Inuit in the Canadian Arctic in 1913. Became fluent in their language, documented songs, poems and legends on wax cylinders.

Theorized that all species share a common ancestry. He proposed that evolution occurs because of a phenomenon called natural selection (“survival of the fittest"), which means species that are more physically fit and reproduce better will pass their traits on to the next generation and evolve with environmental changes. Those that are not will die off.

Studied Samoan female youth in 1925. Discovered that their society put less stresses and expectations on teens, which led to less rebellious, free and comfortable with sexuality. She was challenged by Derek Freeman decades later.

Invented the theory of universal grammar, that all humans are born with, internal, universal rules for grammar.

Established the theory of cultural relativism. The idea that it is impossible to compare two cultures, because everyone sees cultures through the lens of their own. Therefore it has to be looked at form an unbiased point of view.

Canadian anthropologist researching issues concerning the indigenous people of Botswana and Namibia, particularly their ecology and history.

Canadian Postmodernist studying the subculture of heavy metal music worldwide. His bias as a metal fan affects his research.

•Australopithicus Afarensis •40% complete •1974 by Donald Johanson. •Aprox. 3.2 million years old •Ethiopia •Adult Female

•Australopithicus Afarensis •2006 by Zeresenay Alemseged •Ethiopia •3.3 million years old •More ape-like than lucy •Young, 3 years old •Hyoid bone ( for speaking )

Consists of Mary and Louis Leakey. They are best known for their discoveries of hominin and other fossil remains in eastern Africa.

Studied Gorillas in Rwanda, 1967. She protected the gorillas from local poachers and environmental collapse. She discovered gorillas showed very human-like social characteristics. They all had very distinct personalities and were dignified, social and curious.

Studied Chimpanzees in Tanzania, 1960. She discovered they had human-like emotions. They could be violent, happy, angry, cannibalistic and often could attack in groups. They made tools to help find food easier.

Studied Orangutans in Borneo, 1971. She holds the longest continuing study of an animal in the world. She learned their way of life, their diet, language, calls and held detailed journals. Galdikas founded an on going foundation for orangutans.