Period 6 AI Summary (V1)

The 1883 Civil Rights Act weakened the 14th amendment.

The Civil Rights Act of 1875, which guaranteed all citizens access to accommodations, was declared unconstitutional.

The 14th amendment was declared to prohibit only government violations of civil rights, not denial of civil rights to individuals.

Case about segregated railroad cars in Louisiana.

Declared 'separate but equal' accommodations for African Americans as constitutional.

Led to the establishment of separate schools for African Americans.

Literacy tests and poll taxes were used to deny blacks the right to vote.

The Grandfather Clause exempted individuals with relatives who voted before 1865 from literacy tests.

1865 was chosen as the cutoff year due to the passing of the 13th amendment.

Washington advocated for blacks to focus on economic opportunities over political rights.

Emphasized racial solidarity and vocational education.

Opposed public political agitation.

Advocated for a diverse economy and expansion of Southern industry.

Championed catching up to the industrial progress of the North.

Redeemer governments supported the return of white conservatives to power.

Supported the withdrawal of federal troops despite the rise in KKK activities.

African American migrants to Kansas were known as exodusters.

The 1st Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869.

Irish workers in the East and Chinese workers in the West contributed to its construction.

The railroad affected buffalo populations and Great Plains Indians.

Led to the decline of buffalo and affected Great Plains Indians.

Brought troops, farmers, miners, and cattlemen to the region.

Settlers established farms and cattle ranches, transforming the region.

Buffalo near-extinction and diseases led to a shift in the Indians' way of life.

Economic changes forced a complete transformation of their lifestyle.

Helen Hunt Jackson's 'Century of Dishonor' raised awareness about Native American issues.

Founded by Terrace Powderly, the Knights of Labor aimed to end conflict between labor and management.

Experienced a decline after the Haymarket Square Riot in 1886.

Allowed skilled and semiskilled workers, women, immigrants, but not Asians.

Led by radical figures like Mother Jones and Big Bill.

Advocated for unity among all laborers and endorsed violent tactics.

Collapsed after WWI due to economic stability and the second red scare.

Led by Samuel L. Gompers, focused on skilled workers in Craft Unions.

Prioritized higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.

Operated as a nonviolent union.

Wave of immigrants from South and East Europe in the 1880s.

Settled mainly in large cities in the Northeast and Midwest.

Sought factory jobs in the North rather than the South.

First exclusion based on ethnic background in U.S. history.

Stopped further Chinese immigration due to perceived job competition threat.

Strong support for the act in California.

Nativists opposed new immigrants due to religious, linguistic, and cultural differences.

Job competition and threat to American political traditions fueled opposition.

Causes included the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine and sensationalized journalism.

Resulted in territorial acquisitions and debates over annexing the Philippines.

Led to the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

Roosevelt added the corollary to prevent European intervention in Latin America.

Taft's Dollar Diplomacy used economic investments for foreign policy.

Open Door Policy aimed to protect American interests in China.

Boxer Rebellion in China led to U.S. involvement and acceptance of the Open Door Policy.

American imperialism driven by social Darwinism and the desire to 'civilize the uncivilized.'