Cells and Cell Functions

smallest units that perform vital physical functions

outer boundary of the cell, aka. plasma membrane or plasmalemma

• isolation, regulates exchanges, structural support

• phospholipids, proteins(integral proteins or channel proteins), carbs

substance that holds organelles, has more proteins than extracellular fluid,

control center of cell, nuclear membrane, nucleoli

high concentration to low

• simple diffusion, osmosis, filtration

force of water movement, towards a concentration of higher solute

• isotonic(equal), hypotonic(flow into), hypertonic(flow out of)

substances from low concentration to high concentration

• endocytosis(pino/phagocytosis), exocytosis, sodium-potassium exchange pump

cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, flagella, cillia, ribosomes

mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, perioxisomes, nucleus

protein synthesis

interconnected membrane with nuclear membrane

• synthesis, storage, transport, detox

synthesis and detox, storage and removal of calcium

protein synthesis (ribosomes), and protein storage

communicates with vesicles to ER and cell surface

• synthesis and packaging of secretions, renewal and mod of cell surface, packaging of enzymes

from golgi, contain enzymes to digest, defend against diseases, and recycle; "trash compacter and recycler"

powerhouse, double membrane

a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence

finger-like extensions, located in lining of digestive tract

hair-like extensions, lining respiratory tract and fallopian tube

tail-like projections, sperm cells

contains nuclear pores, selectively permeable

of rna and proteins, synthesizes ribosomes and ribosomal DNA

twisted DNA strands into a double helix

dna uncoils, hydrogen bases break, serves new template, line up with compliments, polymerase links back up

transcription: copies info from a segment of DNA into mRNA

• mRNA leaves to ribosome with compliment of DNA translation: translates the codons of the mRNA with tRNA into protein

IPMAT interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, (cytokinesis)

normal cellular functions, prep for division, cell growth and dna replication

pairs of chromosomes are made apparent as nuclear membrane falls, centrioles form at the poles to form spindle fibers

chromosomes line in the middle (metaphase plate), centromeres attach to spindle fibers

centromeres separate pulling chromosomes to the poles, cytokinesis begins

chromosome migration complete, nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes, cleavage furrow apparent

true division of the cell