Studied by 4 peopleNorth America, South America, Australia, SE Asia, Russia, and most of Europe
Where are indo-european languages distributed?
Finland and Hungary
Where are Uralic languages distributed?
Turkey, and across central Asia
Where are Turkic languages distributed?
Caucasus mountain region
Where are Northern Caucasian languages distributed?
Mongolia and around Mongolia
Where are Mongolic languages distributed?
most people in China
Where are sino-tibetan languages distributed?
N/S Korea
Where are Korean languages distributed?
Laos and Southern China
Where are Hmong-mien languages used?
SE Asia including Vietnam
Where are Austro-Asiatic languages distributed?
Indonesia and nearby countries
Where are Austronesian languages distributed?
Thailand and nearby countries
Where are Tai-Kadai languages distributed?
South India and Sri Lanka
Where are Dravidian languages distibuted?
North and Central Africa
Where are Nilo-Saharan languages distributed?
sub-Saharan Africa
Where are Niger-Congo languages distributed?
SW Asia and North Africa
Where are Afro-Asiatic languages distributed?
Western and South America
Where are Quechan languages distributed?
Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Balto-Slavic, Romance
What are the branches of Indo-European?
Indo-Iranian
Persian, Pashto, Hindi, Urdu
Germanic
Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic(all derive from old-norse)
Balto-Slavic
Russian, Polish, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Romance
Spanish, Portuguese, french, Italian, Romanian
Nomadic Warrior Theory
The first Proto-Indo-European speakers were the Kurgans. They were the first to domesticate horses and use chariots. They migrated west to Europe, east to Siberia, and SE to Iran and South Asia from modern day Russia and Kazakhstan. They moved in search for grassland for their animals. As they established Military superiority, their language began to dominate.
Sedentary Farmer theory
The first Proto-Indo-European speakers lived before the Kurgans in present day Turkey. The language diffused to Europe and South Asia with agricultural practices. The language dominated because their speakers grew their food instead of hunting and gathering.
Diffusion of English
The worldwide diffusion started with English people migrated with their language to North America. It diffused in the 17th century, after England defeated France in a battle for the land in North America. The presence of english in North America was assured after this. Around this time England took control of Ireland, South Asia, and South and East Africa. English then became the official language of these areas.
NE India
Where is the hearth of buddhism?
Indus River valley(Punjab)
Where is the hearth of Hinduism?
Jerusalem
where is the hearth of Christianity?
Land of Israel
Where is the hearth of Judaism?
Mecca
Where is the hearth of Islam?
Diffusion of Islam
Over a period of a few hundred years, Islam spread from its place of origin in the Arabian Peninsula all the way to modern Spain in the west and northern India in the east.
Diffusion of Christianity
Christianity was spread across the Roman Empire until it dominated Europe and then was expanded to North America and South America
Diffusion of Hinduism
Hinduism spread by contagious diffusion (person to person contact) from its hearth in the Punjab (Northern India/Pakistan) southward throughout the Indian subcontinent and into SE Asia.
Diffusion of Buddhism
From its origin in India, Buddhism had spread south to Southeast Asia, taking roots in countries such as Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indo-China. Following the Silk Road, a network of routes used for trading, it headed north into the Himalayan Kingdoms, such as Nepal and Bhutan.
Accent
how words are pronounced(smallest category of organizing languages)
Note
Flashcard