Principles of Life, Ch. 13 Reading

________ regard an organism as being adapted to a particular environment when they can demonstrate that a slightly different organism reproduces and survives less well in that environment.

Populations in nature never meet the conditions for ________ equilibrium, which is why we can say all biological populations evolve.

The ________ proposed by Charles Darwin.

The ________ is mutation.

________ realized that many more individuals of most species are born than survive to reproduce.

Most often refers to organic or ________, which is the genetic and resulting phenotypic change in populations of organisms from generation to generation.

________ within species is maintained in geographically distinct populations.

________ only applies to sexually reproducing organisms.

Any gradual change

The understanding and application of the mechanisms of evolutionary change to biological problems

Darwins premise that all species share a common ancestor and have diverged from one another gradually over time

The differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by various genetic types belonging to the same population

Selective breeding of organisms, commonly practiced by animal and plant breeders, to increase the frequency of a favored trait from one generation to the next

In ecology, a group of individuals of the same species that live, interact, and reproduce together in a particular geographic area

A specific form of a gene at a given locus on a chromosome, among multiple possible forms

All of the different alleles of all of the genes existing in all individuals of a population

The proportion of each allele in a gene pool

The proportion of each genotype among individuals in a population

In evolutionary biology, a particular structure, physiological process, or behavior that makes an organism better able to survive and reproduce

Exchange of genes between populations through migration of individuals or movements of gametes

Changes in gene frequencies from generation to generation as a result of random (chance) processes

A period during which only a few individuals of a normally large population survive

Random changes in allele frequencies resulting from establishment of a population by a very small number of individuals

Selection by one sex of characteristics in individuals of the opposite sex

The frequencies of the different alleles at each locus and the frequencies of the different genotypes in a population

The expected frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population under random mating, in the absence of natural selection, mutation, migration, and genetic drift

An individuals contribution of genes to the next generation, as a consequence of its success in surviving and reproducing

Selection against the extreme phenotypes in a population, so that the intermediate types are favored

Selection in which phenotypes at one extreme of the population distribution are favored

Selection in which phenotypes at both extremes of the population distribution are favored

The elimination by natural selection of detrimental characters from a population

Natural selection that acts to establish a trait that enhances survival in a population

Selection that changes in intensity with the proportion of individuals in a population having the trait

Gradual change in the phenotype of a species over a geographic gradient

________: Changes in gene frequencies from generation to generation as a result of random (chance) processes.

________: The differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by various genetic types belonging to the same population.

Founder effect: Random changes in ________ resulting from establishment of a population by a very small number of individuals.

________: In ecology, a group of individuals of the same species that live, interact, and reproduce together in a particular geographic area.

________: An individuals contribution of genes to the next generation, as a consequence of its success in surviving and reproducing.

________: The frequencies of the different alleles at each locus and the frequencies of the different genotypes in a population.

Adaptation: In ________, a particular structure, physiological process, or behavior that makes an organism better able to survive and reproduce.

________: A specific form of a gene at a given locus on a chromosome, among multiple possible forms.

________: Gradual change in the phenotype of a species over a geographic gradient.

________: A period during which only a few individuals of a normally large population survive.

________: The proportion of each genotype among individuals in a population.

________ Equilibrium: The expected frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population under random mating, in the absence of natural selection, mutation, migration, and genetic drift.