AP US History Chapter 8- Industrial Development

1844- ________ patented the process of vulcanizing rubber (making it stronger, elastic, water & winterproof)

1789, ________ arrived in England with a plan of a water- powered spinning machine, planning to build a mill in RI (worked by the "putting- out system- "women weave yarn into clothes at home.

Expanded slavery (Cotton= labor- ________, needed people that were powerless in American society aka.

________- faster produced w /less labor, machines produced standardized parts later assembled by unskilled wage workers.

________ passed the Tariff of 1816- a tax of 25 cents on every yard of imported cloth (impeded foreign competition= American manufacturers dominate the national market.

________- prices of unsold land were to be lowered in stages over thirty years.

The ________- Textile mills in which the mechanized processes of spinning yarn and weaving cloth were brought together.

________ and coal- powered steam engines- Industrial Revolution.

________- centered on the invention of the steam engine, important.

Mills and factories were initially powered by waterwheels, then coal- fired ________ to coal as energy quickened the growth of industries and initiated Industrial Revolution that would end Britains domination in the global economy.

________ replaced the process of sowing seeds by hand.

Industrial Revolution

centered on the invention of the steam engine, important

new inventions soared, US Patent office approved numerous new inventions by the 1850s compared to the 1800

faster produced w/ less labor, machines produced standardized parts later assembled by unskilled wage workers

fit better, were less expensive

by Whitney, drastically decreased the amount of time needed to separate cotton fibers from seeds

wealth to southern planters & merchants AND NE textile mill owners and NY shipowners and cotton traders

development of textile mills in NE < expanded shipping fleets of NYC, made southern ports extremely profitable region and nation

prices of unsold land were to be lowered in stages over thirty years

Jethro Wood in 1819 introduced iron plow with separate, easily-replaceable parts

sharp edges to cut through tough grass in MW (became widely distributed and made by 1845)

Virginian Cyprus Hall McCormick invented a mechanical reaper pulled by horses to harvest wheat

women weave yarn into clothes at home

Textile mills in which the mechanized processes of spinning yarn and weaving cloth were brought together

Boston Associates led by Francis Cabot Lowell developed another cotton mill, which became a model for mill towns throughout NE

countryside plus flowerbeds)

Lowell women went on strike to protest wage cuts and deteriorating working and living conditions (women lost), two years later the workers walked out again to protest rent increases in boarding houses (owners backed out)

river pollution

Machine- made ________ were more abundant and affordable (as well as clocks, watches, plows, guns, etc)

Enslaved people- who suffered through ________ and abuse- enslaved people became more valuable.

________- Elias Howe patented the sewing machine design, later improved on by Issac Singer (founded a company, initially produced only industrial sewing machines in textile mills, offered home use sewing machines, increasing the leisure time for many women (decreased time sewing)

________ was mainly the steam engine (1705), improved by James Watt (1765), and other carefully guarded inventions that mechanized the production of textiles (guarded industrial secrets, forbid the export of machines or publicans of descriptions, restricted emigration of skilled mechanics)

Charles Goodyear patented the process of vulcanizing rubber (making it stronger, elastic, water & winterproof)

Elias Howe patented the sewing machine design, later improved on by Issac Singer (founded a company, initially produced only industrial sewing machines in textile mills, offered home use sewing machines, increasing the leisure time for many women (decreased time sewing)

women were paid to work, and provided food and boarding houses

too many textile workers-> overproduction-> decreased prices -> decreased wages & quickened pace of work