Y8 Mid-years Chemistry

Atom

The smallest particle of an element that cannot be broken down by chemical means

Subatomic Particle

The particles inside an atom

Proton

Particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge

Neutron

Particle found in the nucleus of an atom, without any charge

Nucleus

Positively charged centre of the atom containing protons and neutrons

Electron

Particle found in an atom with a negative charge

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell

Shell

Path the electrons take orbiting the nucleus

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Nucleon Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same proton number, but a different nucleon number

Element

Pure Substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means

Physical Property

A property of matter that does not involve a chemical change (what they look like)

Chemical Property

A property of matter that changes during a chemical reaction (how they behave)

Monatomic

A molecule that contains only one atom

Diatomic

A molecule that contains two atoms

Molecule

A small group of atoms bonded together

Bond

An (electrostatic) force of attraction that holds particles together

Mixture

Contains two, or more, substances not chemically joined together

Alloy

A mixture that contains at least one metal

Define Element

Pure substance that cannot be broken down into anyhting simpler by chemical means

How many types of atoms are an element made up of?

one

What type of atom are elements made of?

neutral atoms

What are neutral atoms?

neutral atoms are atoms with the same number fo protons and electrons

How is the Periodic Table of Elements arranged?

it is arranged in increasing atomic number order

what are the vertical columns on the periodic table called?

groups

what are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?

periods

What is the block in the middle of the Periodic table called?

Transitional Metals

What group is Hydrogen in?

Hydrogen isn't in any group

What do atoms in the same period have in common?

they have the same number of shells

What do atoms in the same group have in common?

they have the same number of valence electrons

How do elements in the same group usually react?

they usually react in the same way

Where are the metals located on the Periodic table?

left/middle

Where are the non-metals located on the Periodic table?

right

What seperated the metals and non-metals on the periodic table?

a diagonal line, like a staircase

Name all of the properties of metals

Shiny, electrical conductor, Thermal conductor, Malleable, Ductile, Sonorous

Name all of the properties of non-metals

Dull, electrical conductor, thermal conductor, Brittle

What does shiny mean?

shine when freshly cut, or polished

What does dull mean?

not very reflective

Electrical conductor

allows electricity to pass through

Electrical Insulator

do not allow electricity to pass through (except graphite)

What is graphite a form of?

carbon

Thermal conductor

heats up and cools down quickly

Thermal insulator

heats up and cools down slowly

Malleable

Can be bent and hammered into different shapes without them breaking

Brittle

breaks instead of being bent or reshaped

Ductile

metals can be pulled and streched into long, thin wires

Sonorous

Metals make a ringing sound when hit.

What is another name for Group I?

Alkali Metals

How many valence electrons do Alkali metals have?

one valence electron

are the physical and chemical properties of Alkali Metals similar?

yes

name all of the physical properties of alkali metals

Soft - can be cut with a knife, low density - floats on water, low melting and boiling points

are group 1's physical properties usual or unusual for metals?

unusual for metals

name all of the chemical properties of the Alkali Metals

React violently with water to form hydrogen gas and an alkalai, reacts explosively with acids to form hydrogen gas and salt, burns in oxygen (and air) with brightly colored flames to form bases

What do you do to prevent alkali metals from reacting with oxygen or water vapour in air?

you have to store them in oil

name all of the trends down group I

Gets softer, density increases, melting and boiling points decreases, reactivity increases

Another way to say Group II

Alkaline Earth Metals

How many valence electrons do Alkaline Earth metals have?

two

are the physical and chemical properties of the Alkaline Earth metals similar or different ?

similar

List all of Group II 's physical properties

Harder than Group I, Higher density than group I, higher melting and boiling points than Group I

List all of the Alkaline Earth Metals' Chemical Properties

reacts with water to form a hydrogen gas and an alkali, reacts violently with acids to form a hydrogen gas and a salt, burns in oxygen (and air) with brightly colored flames ro form bases

are group II metals as reactive as Group I metals?

no

do Alkaline Earth Metals need to be kept under oil to prevent them from reacting with the air?

no

name all of the trends going down Group II

Density and Reactivity Increases

Where are transition metals found in the periodic table?

in the middle

Are transition metals much more reactive than groups I & II or much less reactive

they are much less reactive

State all of the physical properties of Transition Metals.

Strong, high mpt and bpt (except mercury it is a liquid at room temperature), high density

State all of the chemical properties of Transition Metals.

Usually reacts (slowly) with water to form a hydrogen and an alkali, usually reacts with acids to form a hydrogen and a salt, form coloured compounds

Which group is the most reactive?

Group I

What are the most reactive groups in order?

Group I, Group II, Group III, Transition Metals

Do transition metals' reactivity increase down the group?

no

which groups does the reactivity increase down the group?

Groups I and II

Which metal is the most reactive?

Potassium

Which metal is the least reacitve?

Platinum

How many metals are there in the table that shows the most reactive to the least reactive elements?

12

Are Halogens metals or non-metals?

non-metals

Name all of the Physical Properties of Halogens

Are colourful elements, are poisonous, have low melting and boiling points.

How many Halogens are there?

5

What is the colour and state of matter of Fluorine at room temperature?

Yellow gas

What is the colour and state of matter of Chlorine at room temperature?

Green gas

What is the colour and state of matter of Bromine at room temperature?

Red-brown liquid

What is the colour and state of matter of Iodine at room temperature?

grey solid

What is the colour and state of matter of Astatine at room temperature?

black solid

Name all of the chemical properties of Halogens

Form diatomic molecules, are reactive non-metals, react with water usually forming acidic oxides

What are all the trends down Group VII?

Colour gets darker, density increases, melting and boiling points increase, becomes less reactive

What are all of the names for Group 0?

Group VIII, Noble Gases, Inert Gases

Are Noble gases metals or non-metals?

non-metals

Are Inert gases reactive or unreactive?

unreactive

How many groups on the periodic table are unreactive?

one

Why do inert gases not react with other elements?

they don't react with other elements because thier outermost shell/valence shell is full.

Why do chemicals react?

chemicals react in order to gain a full, or empty outermost shell of electrons

Where are Noble gases found and how much of it is there

noble gases are found in the air in very small amounts

How many Physical properties do the inert gases have?

2

Name all of the physical properties of group 0

colourless at room tempurature, form monatomic molecules

How many chemical properties does group VIII have?

1

Name the chemical property of the noble gases

unreactive

Name all of the trends that go down Group 0

melting and boiling points increase, density increases