Lab exam 1 (bacteria types, normal flora, disease, media tests)

White to yellow on BAP, usually beta hemolytic

Small to medium white colonies; usually no hemolysis

White to slightly yellow colonies; non-hemolytic

Positive

positive

positive

positive

negative

negative

Ferments mannitol (color change from pink to yellow)

Grown on MSA but doesn’t ferment mannitol; no color change

Can be positive (acid from mannitol aerobically)

N/A

Susceptible; zone of inhibition will form around disk

Resistant; no zone of inhibition

Beta

Beta

Alpha, beta, none

Alpha, beta, none

Alpha

Alpha, none

Group B strep, Group D strap, Enterococcus, Viridans strep

Group A strep, Group B strep, Enterococcus, viridans strep

Group D strep

Group A strep, S. Pneumonia,

S. Pneumonia

Group A strep, Enterococcus

Group B strep

Group B strep

Group D strep, Enterococcus

Enterococcus

Differentiates Enterobacteriaceae by

-Black= sulfur production

-cracks in agar= gas production

-red=alkaline (no glucose fermentation)

-red butt and yellow top=glucose fermentation

-yellow all through= lactose fermenter or sucrose fermenter

-yellow butt, red head= lactose fermenter only

tests for sulfur production, motility, and indole fermentation

screens for the ability for bacteria to degrade tryptophan and produce indole

the detection of pyrrolidonyl peptidase activity (PYRase) which is characteristic for all species of enterococci

-Group D strep do not have this

-L-naphtylamide-ß-naphtylamide wich is hydrolyzed by a specific bacterial enzyme

-toluidine blue bonded to DNA

-when degraded leaves a clearing of the blue as it gets digested as well

- differentiates group A streptococci from other \n Lancefield groups of hemolytic streptococci by inhibiting the growth of group A streptococci

X and V factors

V factor

have an enzyme that converts aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to hemin.

The presence of porhpyrins indicates that the test organism can convert ALA to hemin and does not need X factor

-orange UV glow indicate positive

-indicates H. para (does not need X)

Haemophilus that require the V factor may grow on sheep blood \n agar if NAD is supplied by another organism, such as Staphylococcus.

is nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme found in blood \n and synthesized by Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Neisseria.

not fastidious and grows on BAP, MAC and Salmonella-Shigella \n agars as well as Bordet-Gengou (BG) blood agar, \n Charcoal-Horse Blood agar, and Jones-Kendrick Charcoal agar

is fastidious and does not grow on blood agar (BAP) or CHOC agar but

grows on Bordet-Gengou (BG) blood agar, \n Charcoal-Horse Blood agar, and Jones-Kendrick Charcoal agar

• gram positive club shaped under microscope

• catalase positive

• non-motile

• non-pathogenic

• normally occupy, throat, skin, mouth, vagina, urethra and mucus membranes, however, they can be opportunists

• cause endocarditis after cardiac surgery, meningitis, osteomyelitis, UTI, and septicemia

• causes diphtheria

• infects upper respiratory tract and produces an exotoxin that affects the heart and peripheral nerves.

• symptoms: difficulty breathing, heart rhythm problems, and even death.

upper respiratory flora of humans

• includes H. parainfluenza

• only needs v factor

• meningitis, cellulitis, arthritis, bacteremia, and epiglottitis.

• causes conjunctivitis (pink eye)

• needs V factor and X factor

• Localizedinfections

• Otitis media

• Sinusitis

• Conjunctivitis

In immunocompromised:

• Chronic bronchitis

• Pneumonia

• Bacteremia

• Chancroid (STD)

• Lesions

• Papules

• Ulcers

• bacteria ability to degrade nitrate into ammonia or nitrogen gas

• Reagents A and B = red is positive

• addition of zinc after = red confirms negative result

• No result after all three additives indicates a positive test and Nitrogen gas being released

• detection of motility in gram-negative enteric bacilli

• TTC is reduced by bacteria creating formazan, an insoluble red pigment showing motility of organisms

• nosocomial infections

• UTI

• bacteremia

• Endocarditis

• Wounds, etc.

• Scalded skin syndrome

• Toxic shock syndrome

• Food Poisoning

• Skin infections

• Furuncles (boils)

• Carbuncles

• Impetigo (infants/children)

• Wounds

• Bacteremia

skin, mucous membranes

• Nosocomial infections

• Bacteremia Associated (catheters, shunts, joints, grafts)

• No toxins (PSM)

• anterior nares, skin, nasopharynx, mucosa

• Urinary tract infections

skin, mucosa, genitourinary tract

• sepsis

• respiratory distress in newborn

• endometritis

• pelvic abscesses

• meningitis

• Pharyngitis

• necrotizing fasciitis

• Impetigo

• Bacteremia

• Multi-organ infections

• “flesh-eating bacteria”

• meningitis

• pneumonia

• Otitis

• Endocarditis(inflammation of heart/values)

• Bacteremia (immunocomp.)

• Meningitis (trauma)

UR tract, skin mucosa

female genital tract, lower GI tract

nasopharynx

oral cavity, GI tract, female genital tract

GI tract, female genitourinary tract

• Rheumatic fever

• Glomerulonephritis

Whooping cough

pneumonia, bacteremia, and wound infections.

animals

• Septicemica

• Wounds, rashes, nodules

In immuno-compromised

• Causeneutropeina (low neutrophils)

• malignancies

Media contains DNA and nucleotides that are bonded with toluidine blue, when degraded it creates clearing in the blue agar suggesting the bacteria produces DNase enzyme