Studied by 5 peopleAll matter is made up of
around 100 different elements
Name the only non-metal conductor of electricity.
Graphite (a form of carbon)
what is graphite?
A form of carbon
Elements are shown in
The Periodic Table,
How does solubility change with temperature?
solubility increases with temperature
A group of elements is..
vertical column in the Periodic Table
Miscible
Describes liquids that are soluble in each other
Immiscible
liquids that are not soluble in each other (e.g. oil & water)
A period of elements is
a horizontal row in the PT
Elements are represented by...
a chemical symbol
The typical properties of metals are..
shiny, good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable and ductile, and usually solid at room temperature.
Where on the Periodic Table (PT) are metals found)?
On the left, middle and bottom
Non-metals are found..
in the top right of the Periodic Table.
The typical properties of nonmetals are..
dull, poor conductors of electricity and heat, brittle and usually Solid or gaseous at room tem erature.
Compounds contain...
two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
The properties of compounds are...
different to the elements they contain
A mixture consists of..
two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together,
The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture..
are unchanged.
The simplest type of particle is..
an atom
Molecules are:
larger particles made from 2 or more atoms bonded together. The atoms can be the same or different.
Ions are..
particles with an overall charge formed from atoms or molecules.
Elements have particles with..
only one type of atom
Particles in a substance are held together by..
electrostatic attraction
Electrostatic forces occur between objects which are..
charged
Electrostatic forces are stronger if... [2 factors)
charges are closer
Opposite charges (+/—) .
attract
Like charges (+/+ or 4—)...
. repel
Elements and compounds can be represented by..
chemical formulae using the symbols from the Periodic Table and subscript numbers
If a substance exists as molecules the formula shows...
how many atoms of each element are present in one molecule
The state symbol (s) means
the substance is a solid
The state symbol (l) means
the substance is a liquid
The state symbol (g) means
the substance is a gas
Energy is needed to melt or boil a substance in order to..
overcome the electrostatic attraction between particles.
Melting and freezing take place at the.
melting point
Boiling and condensing take place at the..
boiling
A solution is formed when
A substance dissolves in another. One is usually a liquid
The substance dissolved is the
solute
The liquid into which it is dissolved is the
solvent
Solubility measures
the mass of a solute which can dissolve in a fixed quantity of solvent
Macroscopically, after dissolving the solvent
may look no different, or it may have a different colour
Microscopically, when a substance dissolves in water
its particles will separate and be surrounded by water molecules
If a substance does not dissolve it is known as
insoluble
Microscopically, when a substance does not dissolve
its particles stay together
The state symbol (aq) means
aqueous — i.e. substance is dissolved in water
Name the 6 physical processes for separate substances:
filtration, crystallisation, evaporation, separating funnel, simple & fractional distillation
Physical separation processes do not involve...
chemical reactions and no new substances are formed.
What method do you use to obtain the solvent from a solution with a solid?
Distillation
What method do you use to obtain the solute dissolved in a liquid?
Evaporation
What method do you use to separate the solid and liquid of a suspension?
Filtration
what is the liquid called after filtration?
filtrate
what is the solid called after filtration?
Residue
What do you use to separate two immiscible liquids?
Separating funnel
What method do you use to separate 2+ miscible liquids?
Fractional distillation
Name 5 diatomic elements
Hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, chlorine
The 3 states of matter are
solid, liquid, gas
Is sand soluble in water?
No
Density of water
1 g/cm³
H
Hydrogen
He
Helium
Li
Lithium
Be
Beryllium
B
Boron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
Ne
Neon
Na
Sodium
Mg
Magnesium
Al
Aluminum
Si
Silicon
P
Phosphorus
S
Sulfur
Cl
Chlorine
Ar
Argon
K
Potassium
Ca
Calcium
NH₂
ammonia
CO₂
carbon dioxide
CO
carbon monoxide
CH₄
Methane
NO
Nitrogen Monoxide
NO₂
nitrogen dioxide
SO₂
sulfur dioxide
SO₃
sulfur trioxide
Note
Flashcard