Mountains, rivers, tropical rain forests. All isolated people
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Spanish colonies
Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina, etc...
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Portuguese colonie
Brazil
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French colonies
Haiti, and some others in North and South America.
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Causes of the Revolutions
-Enlightenment ideas were spreading from the French Rev. -Napoleon put his brother in charge which made the people less loyal to Spain since he wasn’t Spanish. -Inequality in races and social classes -Rise in Nationalism.
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Peninsulares
Spanish born in Spain. (Could hold government office)
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Creoles
Spanish born in Latin America. Also lead many of the revolutions, because they couldn't hold government office
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Indians
Native people from the Americas
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mestizos
Mixed between Spanish and Native people.
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Slaves
People brought from Africa for free labor.
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mulattos
Mixed between Spanish and Slaves
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Encomienda system
Using natives as free labor
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Simon Bolivar
A creole born in Venezuela. He freed them in 1821, he then freed other countries like: Colombia, Panama, Peru, Ecuador, and Chile
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Jose de San Martin
A creole born in Argentina. Liberated Argentina from Spain.
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Miguel Hidalgo
Started the Mexican War of Independence. Made the famous speech, "Cry of Dolores"
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Jose Maria Morelos
Took over the fight for Mexico from Hidalgo, and liberated Mexico in 1821.
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Brazilian Revolution
Was freed from Portugal when the son of the King wanted to stay there and they gave him the country.
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Toussaint Louverture
Freed the slaves in Haiti, due to misunderstanding the "Declaration of the Rights of Man". Starting a revolution. Napoleon just freed them, because he viewed it as a waste of time.
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Joseph Bonaparte
Napoleon's brother who took over Spain, and caused many colonies to revolt.
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Pedro I
Son of the Portuguese royalty who took over Brazil.