1.2: Cell structure and organisation

Made up of more than one cell.

Cells that are adapted to carry out a particular function.

Detailed structure of a cell.

Cell lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Cell containing a nucleus and other organelles bound by membranes.

Thin layer of tissue made of proteins and phospholipids.

Tiny cell structures that carry out a specific function within the cell.

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction.

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell.

Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus.

Fluid inside the nucleus.

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes.

Site of ATP synthesis.

Inner folds in the mitochondria that increase surface area so more ATP can be produced.

A solution containing many compounds, inside the mitochondria.

A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

Flattened, membrane-bound compartments that make up the ER and the golgi body.

ER that is dotted with ribosomes, transports the proteins made by them.

ER that is free of ribosomes. Associated with synthesis and transport of lipids.

Site of protein synthesis.

Biggest part of the ribosome; two tRNA attatchment sites.

Smallest part of the ribosome; one mRNA attatchment sites.

A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

Small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.

Space within the golgi body.

An organelle containing digestive enzymes, which is a temporary vacuole formed by the golgi body. Isolate and contain potentially harmful digestive enzymes and release them to recycle worn out organelles. They can also digest material brought into the cell.

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only.

A sac inside a plant cell that acts as a storage area.

Membrane surrounding the vacuole.

A rigid layer mainly made of cellulose.

A polysaccharide matrix where cellulose fibres are embedded.

Pores that allow movement through cell wall.

Channels that connect cells to each other, formed out of strands of cytoplasma.

The network of plasmodesmata that links plant cells.

The space outside the plasma membrane within which material can diffuse freely.

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Flattened membrane sacs inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.

A pair of membranes that contain chlorophyll. In the chloroplasts they link the thylakoids of one granum with the thylakoids of another granum.

In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast.

Made of a single cell.

A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of bacteria rigid.

A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces.

Folds of plasma membrane which can perform aerobic respiration.

Can be used in prokaryotic cells to perform photosynthesis or carry out nitrogen fixation.

Loose in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell.

Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the main chromosomes of bacteria.

String-like, and help bacteria attach to surfaces and other cells (usually during sexual reproduction).

A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.

Not made up of or containing cells.

A virus outside of a cell.

A virus that infects bacteria.

The cell that the virus infects.

The core of viruses, DNA or RNA.

Outer protein coat of a virus.

The theory that membranes absorbed mitochondria and chloroplasts millions of years ago.

Type of tissue that is a continuous layer, covering internal and external surfaces of the body. No blood vessels but may have nerve endings. Usually protective, secretory or absorption tissues.

The simplest form of epithelium tissue, in a cube shape and one cell thick, for example in the kidney.

Type of epithelium tissue with elongated cells; taller than they are wide, for example in the small intestine.

Epithelial tissue sits on this; made of collagen and protein.

Type of epithelium tissue, forms walls in alveoli. Flattened, very thin cells.

Type of epithelial tissue that is made from multiple layers, with the top layers dead to avoid damage to the ones below, for example skin.

Type of epithelial tissue that is found in parts of the body where substances or particles need to be moved, for example fallopian tubes.

The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner, on ciliated epithelium.

Increases surface area, on columnar epithelium.

Type of tissue that consists of highly specialised contractile cells of fibres held together by connective tissue.

Type of muscle tissue that is attached to the skeleton and contraction generates locomotion, powerful but tires easily. Is striated and voluntary.

Type of muscle tissue that is spindle-shaped cells arranged in sheets or bundles. Cells are shorter and thinner, and don't fatigue easily. It is controlled by nerve from the autonomic system, for example in the digestive system. Is unstriated, and involuntary.

Type of muscle tissue found only in the heart, that contracts rhythmically. It is involuntary and straited.

A tissue that provides support for the body and connects organ and tissues

A connective tissue that is found between layers of tissues.

Stores fat as source of energy, protection, thermal insulation and buoyancy.

Found at the ends of bones and reduces friction during movement, some is flexible.

Process in which cells become specialised in structure and function.

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialised function of the body.

A muscle that is not under conscious control.

Muscle without striped fibres, such as smooth muscle.

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

A living thing.

A long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move

Type of connective tissue that is found in tendons and join muscle to bone.

Double membrane that surrounds the chloroplast.