AP Music Theory Ultimate Guide

________ can also be indicated by symbols such as dots, lines, and accents placed above or below the note.

The ________ is described by quantity and quality.

________ should be grouped with the beam to indicate beat units.

All ________ built from the tonic up to notes within a major scale are either major or perfect.

In ________, the time signature represents the subdivision, not the beat.

The ________ is always written on the staff between the clef and the meter signature.

A minor ________ is one- half step smaller than major.

The highness or lowness of a sound

When multiple staves are connected together by bar lines, brackets, or a brace

Used for rhythm only or for pitchless or untuned instruments such as triangle, cymbals, or tambourine

Where most music is written

What determines the names of the lines and spaces used

Sign used for all of the previously mentioned vocal ranges

The clef that locates middle C and moves around from line to line to designate range

When the C clef is placed on the third line of the staff

When the C clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff

When the G clef is placed on the second line of the staff

When the F clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff

Small lines that extend the staff while still keeping the five lines and four spaces intact

The smallest space or distance between notes

Raises the pitch one-half step above its natural pitch

Lowers the pitch one-half step below its natural pitch

The musical symbol that cancels out a flat or a sharp

Musical symbol used to raise a pitch by two half steps

Musical symbol that lowers the pitch by two half steps

Two symbols that extend the length or duration of a note

Used to extend the value of a single note by one-half of its original value

Lengthens the dotted note value by half the length of the first dot

It combines the durational values of two or more notes of the same pitch using a curved line

The smallest space or distance between notes

The distance between two notes that are two semitones or two half steps apart

The distance between two pitches

Expressed by a number and determined by counting the distance between one letter name and the next letter name

An interval that is one-half step smaller than perfect or minor

An interval that is one-half step larger than major or perfect

They sound the same but are spelled differently and function differently

When a major or perfect interval is made one whole step larger without changing the letter names of the pitches

When a minor or perfect interval is made one whole step smaller without changing the letter names of the pitches

Stable

Unstable, the impression of activity or tension

Created using a pattern for whole and half steps

Demonstrates the relationship of the tonal centers to each other

A form of shorthand that dispenses with the writing of accidentals (sharps and flats) for the notes affected by the pattern

Represented by a lowercase c, it is used to represent 4/4

Designated by a c with a line going through, is a substitute of 2/2

Meters that have beat units of unequal length

The organization of musical time into recurring patterns of strong and weak beats

Two beats per measure

Three beats per measure

Four beats per measure

The first beat of the measure

Songs that begin with one or more notes that precede the first full measure

The rhythmic displacement of the expected strong beat created by using dots, rests, ties, accent marks, rhythm, and dynamics

A special type of syncopation where the bead is temporarily regrouped into twos

Metric device where the rhythmic relation of three notes occurs in the time of two

Body of the note

Part of a note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than the whole note

Part of the note that is common to all note types shorter in duration than a quarter note

The vertical line that divides the staff into measures

The unit of space between the bar lines

Two lines that signal the end of a section of music

Indicates the end of the piece or composition

The speed of the beat

Refers to the specific volume level indicated by the symbol or word

Refers to the change in volume level from one symbol or word to another

The way in which notes are played or sung

The volume or intensity of a musical performance.

________ are used for the ascending scale.

________ are used for the descending scale.

The ________ is described by quantity and quality.

The sixth scale in the rotation of church modes

Natural, harmonic, and melodic

Same first five notes that the three forms of minor start with

No alterations to the key signature

The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending

The 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised

Each step of the scale

The beginning pitch of the scale

The tone on which the scale is built, the tonal center

Above the tonic

Halfway between the tonic and dominant

A fifth below the tonic

Perfect fifth above the tonic

In between the subdominant and the tonic

Half step below Do

Major and minor scales that have the same pitches and key signature

Natural, harmonic, and melodic

No alterations to the key signature

The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending

The 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised

Keys that share the same tonic note but have different key signatures

Keys that have a small number of differences in their key signatures

Keys that have a large number of differences in their key signatures

Symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart

There are seven tones in the scale

There are six tones in this scale

Each pitch is a whole step apart

Has five tones

To build it, in the Circle of Fifths, start from C up to 5 consecutive pitches

It uses the same pitch as the C pentatonic but it starts on A