Mammalian Digestive Systems

________: true glandular stomach where bacteria and pathogens are killed.

________: folds of stomach with deep pockets, or gastric pits, contain.

________ have much longer intestines than carnivores.

________ (lymphatic vessel): allows for larger fat particles to enter, eventually dumped into blood.

________ helps break up food.

________: kills microbes, dissolves particulate matter.

________: lined by muscular folds, reduces particle size, absorbs water (and any leftover fatty acids)

________: uses cecum at connection between small and large intestine.

________: nutrients other than fat absorbed into blood.

________: form food bolus and initiate regurgitation.

________: converted to pepsin to begin protein digestion.

________: digestive and fermentation vat, contains anaerobic microbes, site of fatty acid absorption.

________: functions primarily in ingestion.

________: saclike organ evolved for storing food.

Many herbivores have fermentation chambers, where ________ digest cellulose.

Swallowing begins in ________ as voluntary action.

________: primary function to store and concentrate fecal matter and absorb some salt and water.

________: functions in storage and initial digestion.

________: saliva begins initial processing of food.

Some ________ a stomach, some birds (parrots and pigeons) lack a gallbladder.

________: functions in final digestion, absorption, and elimination.

________ must digest cellulose but lack cellulase.

functions primarily in ingestion

functions in storage and initial digestion

functions in final digestion, absorption, and elimination

saliva begins initial processing of food

pathway to stomach only

saclike organ evolved for storing food

kills microbes, dissolves particulate matter

converted to pepsin to begin protein digestion

folds of stomach with deep pockets, or gastric pits, contain

secrete mucus for protection

secrete HCl (pH 1.5-2.5) HCL kills most bacteria & living cells; erodes plant materials; initiates change of pepsinogen to pepsin

secrete pepsinogen (inactive) which is converted by HCL into active pepsin

gastrin

uses cecum at connection between small and large intestine

form food bolus and initiate regurgitation

digestive and fermentation vat, contains anaerobic microbes, site of fatty acid absorption

lined by muscular folds, reduces particle size, absorbs water (and any leftover fatty acids)

true glandular stomach where bacteria and pathogens are killed

nearly all digestion of food, and absorption of food and water

finger-like projections

nutrients other than fat absorbed into blood

allows for larger fat particles to enter, eventually dumped into blood

primary function to store and concentrate fecal matter and absorb some salt and water