AP Human Geography Full Review Flashcards

Grouping of firms in one area for shared resources.

Location where large shipments are divided for local markets.

Traditional businesses with physical stores.

Industries where products weigh more after assembly.

Industries where final products weigh less than parts.

Reliance on raw material exports affecting trade balance.

Regions with concentrated economic power and innovation.

Development model with core-dependent underdeveloped regions.

Home-based production of goods and services.

Dispersal of an industry from an agglomeration.

Decline of industrial activity in a region.

Online economic activities.

Tourism focused on nature and sustainability.

Areas in developing countries that offer incentives and a barrier-free environment to promote export-oriented production

Manufacturing activities in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the location of the firm.

Mass production system credited to Henry Ford.

Area with relaxed trade restrictions.

Comparison of opportunities for men and women.

Increasing global interconnectedness.

Total value of goods and services produced in a country.

Total value of all goods and services produced by a country.

Measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide.

Development of industry that started in Great Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, was brought about by the introduction of machinery and technology

Optimal location concept by Alfred Weber.

Nations with low productivity and living standards.

US factories in Mexico assembling goods for export.

Small loans to promote small business development.

Resources like fossil fuels not replenishing quickly.

Areas promoting banking and finance transactions.

Process of moving industrial production or service industries to external facilities or organizations often out of the country.

A less-developed, economically poor country.

Activities involving natural resource extraction.

Measure of goods and services produced in a country.

Monetary measure considering buying power in countries.

Activities related to the generation of knowledge and the sharing of research.

Involves the decision-making and policy-making that drives the other sectors of the economy.

Resources produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

Model describing the 5 economic steps that countries take to be fully developed.

Activities processing raw materials.

Newly industrialized countries with median living standards.

Economies focused on providing services such as research, marketing, telecommunications, innovation, teaching...

Designated areas in a country with special economic regulations more favorable than the regulations that apply in the rest of the country

Individually assembled or limited quantity goods.

Using natural resources in ways that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Economic activities that professionals such as teachers & professors, lawyers, medical officers, clerical and personnel services.

Firm operating in at least two countries.

Cities with global financial and commercial dominance (e.g. New York City, London, and Tokyo, Paris, Hong Kong, and Singapore).

Theory explaining core-periphery-semiperiphery connections.

Population size needed for service provision to be economically feasible

Average maximum distance people travel to buy goods/services

Explains town/city size based on shopping behavior

Relative location of a place

Physical character/absolute location of a place

Outlying towns relying on central city for goods/services

Urban land use description with wedge-shaped sectors

Model showing CBD, elite residential sector, concentric zones

Population inversely proportional to city rank in hierarchy

Large, dominant city expressing national culture

Nodal retail/office concentrations on metropolitan fringes

Higher-income households moving to working-class neighborhoods

Businesses operating in multiple countries

Predicts place interaction based on population, distance

Newly industrialized countries with median living standards

Countries with low living standards, industrial productivity

Land value at varying distances from city center

Street-level rail public transportation with separate right-of-way

City/metropolitan area with over 10 million people

Urban area surrounding and connected to central city

City growth outside urban area

Planning based on walkable blocks, mixed land use

Shift from manufacturing to services, information, research

Large-scale solar installations harvesting solar power

Residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.

Urban development maximizing public transport proximity

Statements based on observations, interviews, evaluations, e.g. U.S. Census.

Measure of well-being based on literacy, mortality, life expectancy (HDI)

Focal point at old colonial port zone with commercial district

City with multiple regional economic/residential centers

City growth independent of central business district

Laws governing property use based on location in a city

Sustainable urban design avoiding sprawl

Combines residential, commercial, cultural functions

Dominant cities in global political economy, e.g. New York, London, Paris.

Ranking world settlements by size, economic functions

Slums within or on outskirts of large cities in Brazil

Descriptive information, usually in the form of text

City/metropolitan area with over 20 million people

Chain of contiguous cities and surrounding regions, e.g. Boswash.

Traditional farming method of cutting and burning vegetation to clear land

High-input agriculture with high labor and capital per unit area

Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field

Cultivating between rows of a crop to reduce soil erosion

Economic theory explaining the price gradient for land based on its distance from the market

Traditional farming system where land is cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to its natural state

Raising livestock while moving in search of forage and water

Agriculture practiced in regions with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by vineyards and olive groves

Process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture

Adverse effects of irrigation such as salinization, waterlogging, and depletion of natural water sources

Self-sufficient farming for survival without surplus for sale

Clearing of forests for agriculture, logging, or urban development