Studied by 2 peopleHydroxyl Group Structure
-OH
Hydroxyl Group Properties
polar (electronegative oxygen), form hydrogen bonds w/ water, help dissolve compounds like sugars
Hydroxyl Group Compound Name
Alcohol
Carbonyl Group Structure
>C = O
Carbonyl Group Properties
sugars w/ ketone groups called ketoses ; sugars w/ aldehydes called aldoses
Carbonyl Group Compound Name
Ketone (carbonyl group within carbon skeleton) or Aldehyde (carbonyl group at end of carbon skeleton)
Carboxyl Group Structure
-COOH
Carboxyl Group Properties
Acts as acid (donate H+) b/c covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen so polar
Carboxyl Group Compound Name
Carboxylic acid / organic acid
Amino Group Structure
-NH2
Amino Group Properties
base; picks up H+ from surrounding solution (water, in living organisms)
Amino Group Compound Name
Amine
Sulfhydryl Group Structure
-SH (or HS-)
Sulfhydryl Group Properties
Two -SH groups react, forming “cross link” to stabilize protein structure ; hair cross-links maintain straightness or curliness of hair
Sulfhydryl Group Compound Name
Thiol
Phosphate Group Structure
—OPO3²-
Phosphate Group Properties
Contributes negative charge (1- when positioned inside chain of phosphates, 2- when at end). When attached, confers on molecule ability to react w/ water, releasing energy
Phosphate Group Compound Name
Organic Phosphate
Methyl Group Structure
—CH3
Methyl Group Properties
Affects expression of genes when bonded to DNA or to proteins that bind to DNA ; affects shape and function of male and female sex hormones
Methyl group compound name
Methylated compound
Note
Flashcard