Biology Test 2 Vocab

Detectable inheritable feature e.g. flower colour

Character determined by an allele e.g. purple or white flower

Trait that only requires one copy the gene to express itself (capital letters) e.g. brown eyes

Trait that requires both copies of the gene to express itself (lower case letters) e.g. blue eyes

Fertilization that produces offsprings with the same traits

Alternate form of a gene. Responsible for variations in the inherited characters

Location of a gene

Physical expression of a gene

Organism's genetic makeup

Having two identical alleles of a gene (BB or bb)

Having two different alleles for a gene

Table showing all possible combinations of alleles.

Test done to determine if an organism expressing the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous

Cross of heterozygous F1s with their parents differering in only one gene

Cross of heterozygous F1s with their parents differing in two genes

Heterozygotes show an intermediate phenotype e.g. red pink white flower

Heterozygotes express both alleles e.g. AB blood type

More than two possible alleles for a gene e.g. Iᴬ, Iᴮ, i blood genotypes

A single gene has multiple phenotypic effects e.g. sickle cell anemia

Gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus e.g. black brown blond dog

Two or more genes leads to a single phenotypic character e.g. skin color

Phenotype that is expressed by two recessive alleles found on an autosome

Phenotype that is expressed by only one disease allele on an autosome

Phenotype that is expressed by recessive alleles in the X chromosome

X-Inactivation occurs randomly in embryonic cells

Diagram showing the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.

Appendage to attach to host and gain entrance

Structure for bacterial conjugation

Organism that uses light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances.

Organism that produces energy by oxidation of inorganic compounds

Organism that consumes organic molecules for energy and ATP

Organism that absorb nutrients from dead organisms

Interaction between smaller symbiont and larger host

Bacteria that require oxygen to grow

Bacteria that grows with or without oxygen (is capable of fermentation)

Organism that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

Collection of unicellular organisms living together

Group of green algae most closely related to land plants

Colonial chlorophyta algae exhibiting division of labour between cells

Unicellular chlorophyta algae with two flagella

A group of microtubules

Primitive roots of the moss

Pores for gas exchange

Very waxy (lipid) material which prevents leaves from drying out in the sun

Drying out of a living organism

Composed of the xylem and the phloem

Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals up using passive transport

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances up and down using active transport

Complexe polysaccharide which enables plants to have support and grow tall

The sperm needs water to meet the female gamete

Male sperm in plants

Fertilized egg (zygote) in a protective coat which provides nutrition and protection