Geometry Midterm/Module 2

Angle Bisector

evenly divides and angle into two congruent angles.

Adjacent Angles

Angles that share a vertex and our next to each other.

Linear Pair

Adjacent angles that have noncommon sides as opposite rays.

Vertical Angles

two nonadjacent angles formed by intersecting lines, they are also congruent.

Complementary Angle

two angle measures that have a sum of 90 degrees.

Supplementary Angle

two angle measures that have a sum of 180 degrees

Perpendicularity

lines, segments, or rays that intersect at right angles are perpendicular.

Reflection

flip or transformation in a line called the line of reflection.

Translation

slide or a transformation that moves all points of the original figure the same distance in the same direction.

Rotation

turn or transformation about a fixed point(called the center of rotation), through a specific angle, and in a specific direction. Each point of the original figure and its image are the same distance from the center.

Prism Surface Area

SA = perimeter(h) + 2(base)

Prism Volume

V = Base(h)

Right Pyramid Surface Area

SA = 1/2(perimeter)(llength of slant) + base

Right Pyramid Volume

V = 1/3(base)(height)

Cylinder Surface Area

SA = 2(pi)(r)(h) + 2(pi)(r)²

Cylinder Volume

V = (pi)(r²)(h)

Cone Surface Area

SA = (pi)(r)(length of slant) + (pi)(r²)

Cone Volume

V = 1/3(pi)(r²)(h)

Sphere Surface Area

SA = 4(pi)(r²)

Sphere Volume

V = 4/3(pi)(r³)

Orthographic drawing

The 2-D views of the top, left, front, and right sides of an object.

Nets

a 2-D figure that forms the surface of a 3-D figure when folded.

Precision

repeatability, or reproducibility of a measurement.

Approximate Error

AE = actual measurement - estimated measurement

given a measure of x rounded to the nearest tenth

actual measurement range of values that round to x. less than x <= x < greater than x

Significant

Non zero digits always significant

Significant

In whole numbers zeros are significant if they fall between non zero digits.

Significant

In decimal numbers greater than or equal to one every digit is significant

Significant

In decimal numbers less than on ethe first non zero digit and every digit to the right a re significant.

Range of measurement

= (approximated length) +/- 1/2(unit of measure)

Addition and Subtraction using Sig Figs

a calculation cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than either of the original numbers.

Multiplication and Division with Sig Figs

the number of Sig Figs in the answer is determined by the original number that has the least number of Sig Figs.

Non measured numbers in Sig FIgs

Only the measurement gets counted in Sig Figs not the quantity

Sig Figs not affected by conversion factors

So 3.8ft * 12 inches = 45.6 inches rounds to 46. Since original measurement has two sig figs answer has two sig figs.