GH9 Vocabulary

The governing body of a nation

The process and manner of governing

To make decisions as a government and apply them

Another term for Canada’s government

The branch of the government responsible for law-making

The branch of government responsible for putting laws into action, proposing laws, and running the day-to-day business of the government

The branch of government responsible for interpreting, applying, and enforcing laws

The lower house of the legislative branch that consists of 338 MPs.

An individual responsible for representing their constituency in the House of Commons

The upper house of the legislative branch that consists of 91 Senators that provide “sober second thought” to all bills passed in the House of Commons

An appointed individual who, with the rest of the Senate, consider all bills passed from the House of Commons

The chief representative of the Monarch

A partisan body consisting of the Prime Minister and their top political staff

The head of an elected government

The committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling the government policy

An individual responsible for overseeing a certain ministry

The position and duties of a Cabinet Minister

The highest court of appeal in Canada with the final say in all cases

The body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinion

The body of law that outlines rules on settling disputes between individuals

The nine judges of the Supreme Court

The chair of the Supreme Court

The court that deals with federal matters

The court that deals with provincial matters

The court that deals with taxes

A group of people with similar ideas of how society should be run

Policies based on a political party’s shared values

An area representative of roughly 70,000 people which is represented by an MP in the House of Commons

A member of a constituency

The total votes cast in an election

A government where the party in power earned more than 50% of the seats in the House of Commons

A government where the party in power earned 50% or fewer seats in the House of Commons

A system where the individual who earned the most votes in their constituency becomes the MP even without a majority

A system where the number of seats each party earned is reflective of the popular vote

The first step of the law-making process where the bill is read without discussion

The bill is further studied and discussion occurs

Expert committees are formed, and the bill is further analyzed. Amendments are made.

Suggested amendments are discussed and more amendments are added.

More debating occurs and the bill is accepted or rejected

After passing through both the House of Commons and the Senate, the Governor General certifies the Bill

Bills that deal with national interest

The most common type of bill that deals with public interest; proposed by Cabinet Ministers

Bills introduced by MPs which are minimally discussed

Bills that provide special powers and benefits to minorities, mostly introduced in the Senate

An individual hired to influence MPs and government officials

A lobbyist who is typically self-employed or employed by firms who specialize in government relations

A lobbyist who communicates with public office holders on behalf of the corporation that employed them

The process where individuals articulate interests to government officials to try and influence public policy and decision-making

Rules that require lobbyists to document who they interact with

A mean of mass communication

A motto associated with a political party

An association of roughly 350 reporters who cover the decisions and actions of Canada’s Government

Prejudice towards one thing over another

Small groups of people typically discriminated against

Applying laws

The institutions and procedures for applying laws in a society

Governed by rules that apply to everyone, taking into consideration personal needs and circumstances

An act which replaced the Young Offenders’ Act which covers the prosecution of youths (12-17) for criminal offences

The act that was replaced by the YCJA in 2002

The piece of legislation which defines the consequences for adults (18+) who break the law

A system of criminal justice which focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large

A system of criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders rather than on rehabilitation

One of the goals of the YCJA with the goal of providing consequences which will promote the long-term protection of society

One of the goals of the YCJA with the goal of “restoring” individuals after committing a crime

One of the goals of the YCJA with the goal of successfully fitting youth offenders back into society

One of the goals of the YCJA with the goal of minimizing future crimes

One of the considerations when sentencing youth offenders which considers in what situation was the youth in when they committed a crime

One of the considerations when sentencing youth offenders which considers how they act after having committed a crime

One of the considerations when sentencing youth offenders which considers how serious the crime was when it was committed

One of the considerations when sentencing youth offenders which considers their past record of crimes committed

A potential consequences for youth offenders where they are let off with a warning for having committed the crime

Consequences, such as community service, that is pursued outside of the justice system

An extrajudicial measure that is mandatory to complete

A prosecuting lawyer who works for the Canadian Government

A lawyer responsible for defending the youth convicted of the crime

A public official appointed to decide cases in a court of law

The process to determine an appropriate sentence for youth offenders

A group of individuals responsible for determining the verdict of a youth criminal

The members of a jury

The decision made by a judge or jury

The evidence that supports the guilt of the offender

The evidence that supports the innocence of the offender

To remove from outside contact

A promise that jurors will only use the evidence they have to determine the verdict

A document which records previously committed crimes

The state of being confined in prison

The state of being incarcerated in a facility with fewer rules and restrictions

The state of being incarcerated in a facility with numerous strict rules and restrictions

An instance where the offender is found guilty, but they are offered a second chance and their record would be destroyed within a year

A type of discharge where the judge may put conditions for the discharge, such as a set curfew

A sentence where the offender is required to pay compensation to the victim(s)

The act of providing a service to a community

An instance where an offender is under the supervision of a youth court worker

Associations independent from the government with the goal of solving and determining the underlying reasons for committing crimes

A justice advocacy group that deals with all people in trouble with the law

A justice advocacy group that deals with women and girls in trouble with the law

Committee of individuals with a wide range of worldviews to determine a sentence for a youth criminal

What individuals and groups are allowed to do in society

The state of having a duty to fulfill, such as serving as a juror

The piece of legislation that dictates how the Canadian Government should be ran