bio plant unit

Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars.

A carbohydrate. A carbohydrate is a molecule that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates are the main source of the chemical energy plants need for maintenance, growth, and development.

The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers.

All of a plant's roots, which anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store carbs (carrots and potatoes)

Forms the outer layer of a root, shoot, or leaf that covers and protects the plant. The waxy cuticle on plants.

Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body (connects shoot to root). Xylem and Phloem

Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant. (Dead at maturity)

Vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant (Living at maturity)

Plant tissue consisting of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

Plant tissue found only in the tips of shoots and roots; responsible for plant growth. Contain undivided meristematic cells that can form any specialized cell.

transpiration, storage, protection from herbivores, and photosynthesis

Organelles involved in photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll, a light capturing pigment that gives plants their green color.

flat part of the leaf

The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.

the arrangement of veins in a leaf

The ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis.

Layer of tall, column-shaped mesophyll cells just under the upper epidermis of a leaf (clumped together)

Loose tissue beneath the palisade layer of a leaf; has many air spaces between its cells. These air spaces help with gas exchange

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.

The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore.

Deep roots that have tiny hairs to absorb water and nutrients

Root system made up of many threadlike members of more or less equal length. Good at keeping plants in place and preventing soil erosion.

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds (tips) of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.

Secondary growth that builds diameter, also known as vascular cambium. Creates secondary xylem and phloem

the outside layer of the tree trunk made of dead xylem cells protecting the living sapwood layer

Area in plants that surround heartwood and conducts water and dissolved minerals.

Lateral meristematic tissue that produces the outer covering of stems. Protective layer that produces cork.

Older xylem near the center of a woody stem that no longer conducts water

Non-woody plants that bend easily and do not grow very tall

Plants with hard, strong stems that can grow tall

the arrangement of vascular tissue that consists of xylem and phloem

One cotyledon. The stem has vascular bundles arranged randomly

two cotyledons. The stem has vascular bundles arranged in a ring

A cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem and produces a slippery substance that helps the root penetrate the soil.

A root that develops from somewhere other than the root apical meristem that emerges from the seed

The upward push of xylem sap in the vascular tissue of roots.

The tendency of a liquid to rise or fall because of attractive forces between the liquid molecules

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant through the stoma

The pressure that water in the central vacuole of a plant exerts against the cell wall

long-distance transport of substances through the phloem, particularly glucose

long tubes made up of living cells with perforated end walls, which transport starches and have cell sap

Long hollow tubes supported by lignin

air flow = more air, higher rate

A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower and protects it

Stalk that supports the flower

two parts of the stamen. Produces and stores pollen

sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land

The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.

The bottom part of the carpel in a circle shape in which the female sex cells develop

female part of the flower (stigma, style, ovary)

The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs.

A tube that forms after germination of the pollen grain and that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule.

Chemicals with specialized functions. Produced in one location and the transported around.

Hormones involved in plant-cell elongation, shoot and bud growth, and rooting. Basically elongate cells in one part of the plant

Produced in meristem and chloroplasts. Work with auxins and also responsible for leaf growth and flowering, as well as germination

Promote cell divisions and differentiation. Produced in roots

A growth response to light

A growth response to gravity

A growth response to touch

a plants growth response to water; plant grows towards the water

Caused by changes in turgor pressure

a molecule that detects light; different photoreceptors detect different wavelengths of light

A plant's response to seasonal changes in length of night and day

it provides a medium in which plant roots can anchor, it retains water, in which nutrients are dissolved, and it provides the root with air.

Forms a waterproof layer to stop water loss due to photosynthesis

Transparent to allow light to pass to inside of leaf