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who were the first early people in africa
bantu people, they were different from forest people since they were in communities and more advanced. they giverned themsleves from kinship (kin based society) and had no government just a village chief and ruling counsel.
what was on of the first early citues
jenne-jeno, it emerged along the niger river and was a lrge center for trade
what was the issue with chiefdoms
there was conflict between villages and districts so they organized military and government. with this some villages were able to take over others and become a city state such as ife and benin
what kingdom emerged on the congo river
kingdom of kongo, they had a central government with provinces led by local governors
which animal helped with trade in teh sahara
camels which allowed for a lot of communnication and trade along the sahara
what type of rule did the kingdom of ghana have
they had a lot of rulers until muhammad embarked on his hijra their and made it into muslim provinces. as trade increased they became one of the largest gold traders across the sahara. this brought them enopurmes wealth (evidenced in koumbi saleh)
what was the mali empire
it was built by sundiata who expanded on the ghana empire they also became more prosperous in trade then the ghana since they taxed and controlled all trade in tha trans saharan. the amin trade citues were timbuktu, goa, and jenne
how did islam get popular in mali
through mansa musas pilgrimage where he brough back the religion in mousques, islamic scholars, and built madrasas. however mansa musas factioned government left room for songhai to take over
who first established swahilli (coasters)
the bantu people who lived near the water first established swahilli society.
what was trade like in swahilli
due to their middle east trade they spoke both bantu and arabic. in the 11/12th century they expanded their trade to most of south asia and developed swahilli city states.
whats an example of these prosperous cities
kilwa began as a bantu small town, bit woth growing indian ocean trade they were able to develop the city state to have a governemnt and large construction projects
what heppend in zimbabwe
even though they were in interior africa they still particiapated in indian ocean trade. their main city was great zimbabwe where there were kings large ston building and a control of economics
why did many african states convert to islam
they could cooperate more with muslim merchants and gave them legitamacy in muslim states
how was land divided in kinship
most of the time families ruled a part of teh ladn and passed it down
how did gender determine working roles
men were mainly the main source of labor and specialized job hwoever a couple aristocrat women were able to ahev influence in public affairs. even with islams influence it did not affect gender roles as much as the middle east so women still had a lot more freedom
how did age grades determine place in society
each age groups had different jobs to perform. members of the same age grade often bonded with eachother and established social ties
what was the zanj revolt
during the height of slave trading in africa, millions slaves were transported to the islamic empire. during this time thousands of slaves were in mesopotamia so ali bin muhammed rallied thousands of them to revolt and political leaders were distracted so they revolted for almost 15 yrs
african religion
monotheistic, honored dieties and ancestors, they also had religous specialists called diviners, focused in moral behavior over theology
where was the only place that christianity sporead too inn africa
ethiopia, specifically their main city of axum, left them isolated from primarily muslim africa
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