Integumentary System

The skin is the largest single organ of the body, typically accounting for ____ of total body weight

The Skin is also known as the Integument which can from the Latin word “____” which means covering

The epidermis is an epithelial layer of what origin?

it acts as a physical barrier against thermal and mechanical insults such as frictional forces and against potential pathogens

allows the skin to constantly monitor the environment

Constant body temperature is maintained due to skin insulating components and mechanisms for accelerating heat loss

The skin synthesize vitamin D3, needed for calcium metabolism and proper bone formation

visual indicator of health involved in attraction of health between the sexes in all vertebrae species

The effects of sex pheromones produced by the apocrine sweat glands and other skin glands are also important for this attraction

What is the primary tissue composition of the Epidermis?

Primary cells located at the Epidermis

also known as pigment-producing cells

Antigen Presenting cells

Tactile epithelial cells

20-30 layers of dead, flattened, anucleate, keratin-filled keratinocytes called squames

2-3 layers of anucleate, dead cells; seen only in thick skin

The stratum granulosum has a cytoplasm filled with intensely basophilic masses called

3-5 layers of keratinocytes with distinct keratohyaline granules which are intensely basophilic

Thickest layer of the epidermis

The spinous layer of the epidermis is also known as?

Single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells in contact with with basement membrane

What cell cycle happens at the basal layer of the epidermis?

What layer is found in the Thick skin but is absent on the Thin skin?

A pale staining, rounded cell bodies located at the basal epidermis and protects nuclear DNA from UV damage

A brown or black pigment found in hair follicles

The similar pigment found in Red Hair

Pheomelanin came from the Greek word “____” which means Dusky

The Greek word “melas” means ____

monocyte derived macrophage

It connects dermis with epidermis

What lies between the papillary and reticular dermal layer?

The thermoregulatory functions of the dermis is done by _____

also known as Hypodermis or superficial fascia

Two types of sensory receptors

More complex structures with sensory fibers enclosed by glia and delicate connective tissue capsules

Simple nerve endings with no schwann cell or collagenous coverings

Types of uncapsulated receptors

respond primarily to high and low temperatures, pain and itching.

tonic receptors for sustained light touch and for sensing an object’s texture.

surrounding the bases of hair follicles in the reticular dermis that detects movements of the hairs

Types of capsulated receptors

initiate impulses when light-touch or low-frequency stimuli against skin

for detection of pressure or firm touch

collagenous, fusiform capsules anchored firmly to the surrounding connective tissue.

simpler encapsulated, ovoid structures, with extremely thin, collagenous capsules penetrated by a sensory fiber

are elongated keratinized structures that form within epidermal invaginations

The growing hair follicle has a terminal dilation called a

the part of a hair extending beyond the skin surface is the

a small bundles of smooth muscle cells that contracts and pull the hair shaft to a more erect position

The outermost cells of the hair bulb are continuous with the epithelial root sheath. which two layers can be recognized?

completely surrounds the initial part of the hair root but degenerates above the level of the attached sebaceous glands.

covers the internal sheath and extends all the way to the epidermis, where it is continuous with the basal and spinous layers.

What are the major phase of a hair growth?

A generally long period of mitotic activity and growth

A brief period of arrested growth and regression of the hair bulb

A final period of inactivity during which the hair may be shed

large vacuolated and moderately keratinized cells and center of the root

Densely packed, heavily keratinized and surrounds the medulla

Outermost layer of the Hair root

Hard plates of keratin on the dorsal surface of each distal phalanx

Proximal part of the nail

Contains only the basal and spinous epidermal layers

bound to a bed of epidermis, the nail bed, which contains only the basal and spinous epidermal layers.

The distal end of the plate becomes free of the nail bed at the epidermal fold called the

area where cells divide, move distally, and become keratinized in a process somewhat similar to hair formation but without keratohyaline granules.

a complex mixture of lipids that includes wax esters, squalene, cholesterol, and triglycerides that are hydrolyzed by bacterial enzymes after secretion.

What type of secretion is a sebaceous glands

True or False: The apocrine sweat glands show Holocrine, not apocrine secretion

which components of the epidermis provides sealant between adjacent cells

What separates the hair follicle from the connective tissue of the dermis?

which structure typifies reticular dermis but not papillary dermis?

Two layers of Dermis

Tissue/cell Present in the hypodermis

Layer of the skin that protects against friction and water loss