Studied by 13 peopleTags & Description
New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
New England Colonies
The northern colonies
Elder
A leader in colonial New England
Profit
The money left over after paying the cost of doing business
Triangular Trade
Trade routes among the West Indies, Africa, and Europe
Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Middle Colonies
The colonies between New England and the Southern Colonies
Quaker
A member of the religious sect known as the Society of Friends, believed that all people should be equal.
Surplus
An amount over what is needed
Southern Colonies
The southernmost of the 13 colonies
Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Plantation
A larger farm in which crops are grown for sale and on which the people who raise the crops live.
Middle Passage
The journey across the Atlantic endured by captured Africans on their way to slavery in the Americas
King James I
Granted a charter to the Virginia Company to settle and civilize America, wanted to prevent Spanish advancements in the New World & find a Northern passage to Asia.
Virginia Company
Joint stock company, group of wealthy investors as shareholders, planned to establish in America for profit.
Reasons people went to Jamestown
Economic opportunities, gold and minerals
Arrival date of Jamestown
April 1607
Reasons for picking Jamestown Island
Far enough inland to hide from Spanish, deep water to anchor ships, swamp and river offer protection from natives.
Pocahontas
Chief Powhatan's daughter, married John Rolfe Jamestown Colony
The Starving Time Jamestown Colony
Disease from infected rivers, hunger from not plating crops, attacks by local Native Americans
John Smith
Took leadership of colony, "He that will not work, shall not eat." Jamestown Colony
John Rolfe
Married Pocahontas- brought peace to English and Native Americans, created a smoother breed of tobacco Jamestown Colony
Cash Crop
A crop produced for money
Tobacco
Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
The House of Burgesses
Established in 1619, allowed colonists to make their own law, first representative government in America
England's First Colonies
Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay
Plymouth Date/Location
1620, Cape Cod Massachusetts
Plymouth Founders
Separatists from England
Reasons for Settlement - Plymouth
Religious Freedom
Obstacles to Settlement - Plymouth
Starvation, disease, weather
Mayflower Compact
A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good, Plymouth Colony
Massachusetts Bay Date/Location
1630, Boston, Massachusetts
Massachusetts Bay Founders
Wealthy puritans from England
Reasons for Settlement - Massachusetts Bay
Religious freedom
Obstacles to Settlement - Massachusetts Bay
Disease, no clean water
John Winthrop
City upon a hill, became governor of Massachusetts Bay colony Massachusetts Bay
Type of Government - Massachusetts Bay
Congregations were formed, representatives served in general court
The Pilgrams
Strict religious separatists- first leave England for Holland
New England Geography
Thin and rocky soil- not great for farming, short growing season and cold winters, mountainous inland
First Thanksgiving
1621, A Wampanoag taught pilgrims to fish and grow corn, Pilgrims and natives held it
New England Colonies
"covenant community", Athenian style direct democracy in town meetings- each man can vote as long as they are religious, laid foundation of majority rule in America
Roger Williams
Banished for giving his opinions in church, founds Rhode Island New England Colonies
Anne Hutchinson
Banished for holding bible meetings, moves to Rhode Island New England Colonies
King Philip's War
Conflict with natives over land ownership, Wampanoag chief Metacom (also known as King Philip, hence the name) unites tribes against colonists, war kills 7/8 natives and 6/13 whites, colonists eventually win after Metacom's death New England Colonies
Salem Witch Trials
Several young Puritan girls seem bewitched, 100+ people (mainly women) are arrested and trials for witchcraft, 20 are executed (mostly by hanging) New England Colonies
Reasons for Witch Stereotypes
Fear of independent women, challenges to Puritan authority, and rigid structured society New England Colonies
Growth of New England Colonies
Economy grows based on shipbuilding, fishing, & trade, Colonies spread to the Connecticut River & New Hampshire
New York
Originally part of New Netherlands
New Jersey
Dutch and Swedish boh had claims, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret granted lands.
Delaware
Dutch and Swedish both had claims, was part of Pennsylvania till 1703
Pennsylvania
King Charles II owed money to William Penn's dead father. In return, Penn received land for English Quakers.
William Penn
Founder of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, signed a peace treaty with Lenape Indians, Supported democracy and religious freedom across his colony
Middle Colonies Geography
Rich soil, mild climate, good for farmland.
Middle Colonies Farming
Grain becomes a cash crop, known as the bread basket
Port Cities of Middle Colonies
Farmers transport crops along rivers like Hudson and Delaware. Goods exported through ports in Philadelphia and NYC
Growth of Middle Colonies
Philadelphia and New York were the 2 largest cities. Manufacturing centers and trade.
Diversity of Middle Colonies
Great diversity of language, culture, customs, and beliefs. No dominant religion. Settlers from Germany, Sweden, Frane, Scotland, and Netherlands.
Politics of Middle Colonies
"Proprietary colonies" owned by single individuals appointed by King. Representative assemblies from colonists.
Frontier - Middle Colonies
Appalachian Mountains, settled by Scots-Irish and Germans, both resistant to English authority, independent spirit
The Southern Colonies - Before Settlement
King James I grants a charter for 2 branches of VA CO of London- Plymouth and London Company.
Motives for Settling - Southern Colonies
Gold, passage to Asia, Converting Indians to Christianity
Jamestown Colony Southern Colony
Peninsula on the James RIver for defense, ridden with malaria, initial poor leadership, John Smith comes and eventually provides effective leadership, John Rolfe invents smoother tobacco
Province of Maryland Southern Colony
Founder - Lord Baltimore, representative government (like Virginia)
Province of Carolina Southern Colony
Representative assembly, largely Protestant, settled by some French Huguenots (French Protestants), also settled by some West Indian planters (brought slavery to the Southern Colonies), cash crop economy
Province of Georgia Southern Colony
Criminal colony, created as a buffer between British and Spanish Florida, debto's colony (criminals and convicts from England)
Life in the Southern Colonies
Malaria and yellow fever- life expectancy low, difficult to start families and settlements, tobacco economy
Headright System Southern Colonies
Used to encourage importation of workers, land grants from 50 acres to 1000 acres for the head of a family
Bacon's Rebellion Southern Colonies
More freemen (previous indentured servants) in the Chesapeake- angry due to lack of good land and Indian attacks on frontier, Nathaniel Bacon and freemen burned down Jamestown, caused landowners to distrust indentured servants and increased slaves.
Slave Trade Southern Colonies
The Royal African Company lost its monopoly charter- colonists rushed to cash in on the slave trade which produced lots of money, "slave codes" were drawn up by colonial governments to better distinguish servants and slaves.
Colonial Slavery Southern Colonies
First enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619, 10 million Africans enslaved over the course of 3 centuries, slaves were too expensive for poor colonists, rising wages in England shrank the number of servants coming
Reasons for French and Indian War
Both the British and French wanted territory, resources, and trade routes- specifically wanted to extend their colonies into land west of the Appalachian Mountains
Join or Die
Propaganda that symbolizes that unless the colonies join, they will not survive and lose to the French.
Puritans
Those who wanted "purify" or simplify the Church of England
Indentured Servant
Poor Englishmen who agree to work for a number of years in return for their passage
Great Awakening
Religious Revival during the 1730's to 1740's
Jonathan Edwards Middle Colonies
Wrote many books, pamphlets, and sermons which helped start the Great Awakening.
Reasons for Triangular Fort in Jamestown
Triangles were easier to defend.
Proclamation of 1763
States that settlers cannot move past the Appalachian Mountains
NC's First Capital
New Bern, also where the Tyron Palace was built
William Tryon *Southern Colonies, NC)
7th royal governor of NC, many residents disliked him because he used tax money to build an expensive government building.
Regulators *Southern Colonies, NC)
An opposition group against British taxtation
Reasons Why People Migrated to NC
They wanted uncrowded and cheap/free land
Reasons Why New England Colonists Came to the New World
Religious freedom
Middle Colony Settlers
German, Irish, and English people who wanted to make money
Colony
A settlement of people living in a new territory that is controlled by the home country
Stono Rebellion
a 1739 uprising of enslaved people in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh enslavement laws
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and Thomas Hooker
This document created the idea for the election of representatives and who created it
Note
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