Unit VIII terms

(rebirth) was revival of art and learning and of Greek and Roman culture

-Birth of the Renaissance (1400s)

Study of Greco-Roman philosophy led to humanism which focused on human potential and achievements [Reflected in literature and art (ex. paintings no longer just religious)

a religious reform movement that swept through Europe during the renaissance that resulted from Protestantism, which was founded by Martin Luther, as opposition to the way the Church and Christianity was currently operating/ruling.

-a German monk/professor

-posted his 95 Theses (arguments) on the door of a church (sparked Reformation)

-His major complaints were corruption and the sale of indulgences

-Luther and Lutherans believed-Salvation can only be won by faith in God’s forgiveness

-All religious teachings should be based on Bible so rejected authority of pope and Church tradition

-No need for priests to interpret Bible

Martin Luther posted 95 complaints on a Church door with everything he felt should be changed about the Church (sparked Reformation).

-splits from Catholic Church so he can end his marriage and remarry

-wanted to increase his own power and seize the land and wealth of the Church

-Executed many who opposed him (including St. Thomas More) for “treason”

expanded on Luther’s ideas and believed in predestination

the idea that God already knows who will be saved

Gutenberg’s printing press gives regular people (not just clergy) access to Bible and other books

Movement to reform the Catholic Church in response to Reformation

an early american civilization, began as nomads who were hired as soldiers.

capital of Aztec Empire

small kingdom in a fertile valley in Andes Mountains near west coast of South America

sturdy ships with triangular sails allowed ships to sail into wind

developed by the Muslims, allowed sailors to use stars to determine location in open sea (same as magnetic compass)

developed by the Chinese, allowed sailors to use stars to determine location in open sea (same as astrolabe)

Spanish conquerors/explorers who used superior technology to force natives out of their land

defeated Aztecs with 600 men in 1521

conquered Incas with 200 men (c. 1530s)

Products being shared between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas