Chapter 13

Feb 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin: plan postwar world

Separates Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West

July 1945, US must let German economy revive, Stalin wants reparations from all parts of country (Soviet side mostly agricultural)

Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, etc., Not under direct control, but must remain friendly to Soviet Union (Communist)

American embassy, long telegram

helped articulate the U.S. government's increasingly hard line against the Soviets and became the basis for the U.S. “containment” strategy toward the Soviet Union for the duration of the Cold War.

send money to people fighting communism

Sec of State George C. Marshall, Give European nations American aid to rebuild economies, Soviet Union and satellite nations reject plan

Mutual aid, US commits to maintain peace in Europe

promotion of a widespread fear of a potential rise of communism, anarchism or other leftist ideologies by a society or state

effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government

1938, investigate alleged disloyalty and rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having Communist ties

second Red Scare, political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of alleged communist and socialist influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage

the expression of formal disapproval

the art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping, especially in politics

created to be a peace-time intelligence organization, caused in part by the growing threat of the Soviet Union post-WWII and leading into the Cold War

any clandestine operation or activity designed to influence foreign governments, organisations, persons, or events in support of American foreign policy

15 new countries were formed from within its former borders, and the balance of power in Eastern Europe had been destroyed

“Space Race”, basketball-sized satellite that became the first manmade object to orbit the Earth, 1957