Studied by 0 peopleDual representation
________: viewing a symbolic object as both an object and a symbol.
Young children have difficulty understanding that other people
________ feel, think, and understand things differently than they do.
Discovery learning involves
________ opportunities for spontaneous interaction with the environment.
Intuitive substage
________: children seem so sure about their knowledge and understanding, yet often cant provide explanations.
Animism
________: preoperational children also may give human characteristics, such as thought and intention, to inanimate things.
Piaget believed young children are beginning to put together logical explanations but
_______ are still influenced more by what they experience through their senses than by logical reasoning.
Play not only reflects but also contributes to
children’s cognitive and social skills.
Acceptance of individual differences
________ means planning for activities for individual children and small groups.
Egocentrism
failure to distinguish others symbolic viewpoints from ones own
Observed limitations of thinking during the why stage
Since not fully logical, children at this age often create causal links where none exist
Conservation
the understanding that the basic quantity of something (its amount, volume, or mass) remains the same even if its appearance changes
According to Piaget and others, children at the preoperational stage cannot yet
conserve. These tasks are mastered gradually over the concrete operational stage.
Children in Western nations typically acquire conservation of number, mass, and liquid sometimes between
6 and 7 years and conservation of weight between 8 and 10 years.
Piaget believed preschoolers’ bias prevents them from
accommodating, or reflecting on and revising their faulty reasoning
Beginning around age 4-7, many children enter the
“why” stage, also referred to as intuitive thought.
Piaget demonstrated egocentrism using
his three-mountains problem
Symbolic function substage occurs
roughly between the ages of 2 and 4.
Symbolic function substage
Child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present
Ways of enhancing make believe play
Provide sufficient space and play materials
Encourage children’s play without controlling it
Offer a variety of realistic materials as well as materials without clear functions
Ensure that children have many rich, real-world experiences to inspire positive fantasy play
Help children solve social conflicts constructively
Benefits of make believe play
Leads to gains in social competence.
Strengthens cognitive capacities:
Sustained attention
Inhibition of impulses
Memory
Logical reasoning
Language and literacy
Imagination, creativity, perspective taking
Imaginary companions enhance pretend play.
Through pretending, young children
practice and strengthen new representational schemes
As children move from the sensorimotor to the preoperational stage (years 2 to 7),
representational activity increases
Note
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