Tags & Description
Coculture
the perception of membership in a group that is part of an encompassing culture. (Examples: Language, Activity, Religion, Race) (mini cultures in a culture)
intergroup/intercultural
interactions between members of different cultures or cocultures
individualistic culture
members focus on the value and welfare of individual members more then the group as a whole (Value: autonomy, competition, self promotion)
collective culture
members focus on the welfare of the group as a whole then on individual identity. (Value: duty, humility, loyalty, fitting in)
low power distance
power is usually associated with formal roles; powerful people may be good or evil. Parents treat children as equals.
high power distance
power is a basic fact of society to be accepted without question. parents teach children obedience
low-context culture
use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible
high-context culture
relies heavily on subtle, often nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony
low uncertainty avoidance
uncertainty inherent in life is accepted. Typically doesn't cause anxiety or stress.
high uncertainty avoidance
-The uncertainty inherent in life is treated as a continuous threat that must be fought. Uncertainty often causes high stress, anxiety, emotionality
saliance
how much weight we attach to a particular person or phenomenon. How apparent cultural characteristics are in an interaction or relationship.
great salience
becoming more aware of culture characteristics because it is noticeable
little salience
not very aware of culture differences because they're not apparent
Culture
the language, values, beliefs, traditions, and customs people share and learn
out-group
groups ones views as different from oneself
hegemony
the dominance of one's culture over another
Ethonocentrism
the attitudes that's ones owns culture is superior to others.
Synthetic rules
ways in which symbols can be arranged
Connotative
Informal, implied interpretations for words and phrases that reflect the people, culture, emotions, and situations involved
Denotative
dictionary definition
Dialect
a version of the same language that includes substantially different words and meanings (sneakers vs tennis shoes)
linguistic relativism
the notation that language influences the way we experience the world (Ex: terminology sexual harassment)
linguistic intergroup bias
the tendency to label people and behaviors in terms that reflect their in-group or out-group status (in group- positive out group- negative)
Questions vs. Statements
Statements show more responsibility
relative words
words that gain their meaning by comparison (ex: small vs. large)
slang
language used by a group of people whose members belong to a similar coculture or other group. can be regionally based
Euphenisms
a mild or indirect term or expression used in a place of a more direct but less pleasant one
Abstract Language
language that lacks specificity or does not refer to observable behavior or other sensory data
abstraction ladder
a range of more to less abstract terms describing an event or object ( abstract: toy concrete: malibu barbie)
phonological rules
how sounds are combined to form words
semantic rules
the meaning of language
Divergence
speakers emphasize differences between their communicative styles and that of others to create diatance
convergence
accommodating one's speaking style to another person, who usually is desirable or has higher status