Neuroscience

A layer of fatty tissue encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

the part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

the end of an axon

Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Loss linked to depression.

control of movement and sensations of pleasure, loss leads to schizophrenia and Parkinson's

Arousal, attention, memory, controls voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions

involved in pain relief

Arousal and mood

Involved in sleep and inhibits movement, high amounts are released in alcohol consumption

Learning, memory formation, nervous system development, synaptic plasticity

brain and spinal cord

transmits information to and from the central nervous system

automatically regulates glands, internal organs and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure

carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles

Calms the body down in ordinary conditions

Arouses the body (fight or flight) in times of stress

Carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands

carries messages from senses to CNS

Protein responsible for unconscious and sleep, aggregates to more than normal in Alzheimer's

regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands, controls salt and water levels

Keeps you awake

produces thyroxine, helps maintain homeostasis

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress.

Regulate sexual growth and reproduction

a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body

uses radio waves and a very strong magnetic field to produce images of the soft tissue

records electrical activity in the brain

Uses positron emissions to reveal brain activity

tracks blood flow to reveal brain activity