Studied by 29 peopleTHE MAJOR COMPONENT OF GAS?
METHANE
WHAT IS THE SAFEST WAY TO STORE RADIOACTIVE WASTE? HOW LONG MUST IT BE STORED BEFORE IT IS SAFE?
WASTE IS STORED IN WATER-FILLED POOLS AND TRANSFERRED TO DRY CASKS FILLED WITH INERT HELIUM GAS AFTER SEVERAL YEARS OF COOLING. IT MUST BE STORED FOR ABOUT 50 YEARS BEFORE IT IS SAFE.
WAYS TO COOL A BUILDING
LIVING ROOF, OPEN WINDOWS, LIGHT-COLORED ROOF
WAYS TO HEAT A BUILDING
FACE THE BUILDING SOUTH TO CATCH THE SUN
WHAT IS A BENEFIT OF MEETING CAFE STANDARDS SET BY THE EPA?
LESS CO2 EMISSIONS
THE MAJOR SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IS...
BIOMASS
US SUBSIDIZES ETHANOL FROM CORN BECAUSE...
LOW NET ENERGY YIELDS
EXAMPLES OF BIOFUELS:
METHANOL, ETHANOL, BIODIESEL
TRUE OR FALSE: PROPANE IS A BIOFUEL
FALSE
WHAT IS THE WORLD'S FASTEST GROWING WAY TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY?
SOLAR CELLS
WHICH COUNTRIES OBTAIN MORE THAN 90% OF ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES
COSTA RICA AND ICELAND
WHAT IS THE WORLD'S LEADING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY?
HYDROPOWER
WHICH NATION IS THE LARGEST PER CAPITA CONSUMER OF COAL?
US
WHICH REGION HAS THE LEAST POTENTIAL FOR HYDROPOWER EXPANSION?
US
THE WORLD'S SECOND-FASTEST GROWING ENERGY RESOURCE IS...
WIND POWER
THE FUTURE OF ENERGY SYSTEMS INCLUDES IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND TEMPORARY USE OF...
NATURAL GAS
MATERIAL FROM SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL RODS NEEDS TO BE STORED FOR HOW MANY YEARS?
240,000
OIL REFINING SEPARATES THE COMPONENTS OF CRUDE OIL BY...
BOILING POINT
THE CHIEF INGREDIENT OF MOST SOLAR CELLS IS...
SILICON
WHAT ARE COMMON METHODS IN PRODUCING H2 GAS?
STRIPPING GAS FROM METHANE, STRIPPING GAS FROM GASOLINE MOLECULES, PASSING ELECTRICITY THROUGH WATER
WHAT IS NOT A COMMON METHOD IN PRODUCING H2 GAS?
REMOVING FROM ATMOSPHERE
THE LARGEST HUMAN-CAUSED SOURCE OF METHANE IS...
DAMS
NUCLEAR ENERGY IS AFFORDABLE BECAUSE...
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
THE ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR CELLS INCLUDE...
MODERATE NET ENERGY YEILD, LITTLE OR NO DIRECT EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, EASY TO INSTALL AND EXPAND AS NEEDED
WHAT IS NOT AN ADVANTAGE OF SOLAR CELLS?
ELECTRICITY STORAGE SYSTEMS ARE READILY AVAILABLE
OIL SAND DOES NOT CONTAIN
COAL
TAPPING 2% OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE US COULD PRODUCE HOW MUCH OF ENERGY NEEDS?
2000 TIMES THE CURRENT ANNUAL USE OF ELECTRICITY
WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF CONVERTING COAL TO SNG
SULFUR IS REMOVED
GASOLINE CAN BE SEPARATED FROM OIL THROUGH THE PROCESS OF...
REFINING
IN THE US, ETHANOL IS MOSTLY MADE FROM...
CORN AND CRUDE OIL
WHAT IS NOT TRUE ABOUT PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY?
LOW INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
WHAT ENERGY SOURCE HAS A LOW ENERGY VALUE?
NUCLEAR ENERGY
IN A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, WHERE DOES THE ENERGY COME FROM TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY?
WATER IS BOILED TO PRODUCE STEAM THAT SPINS A TURBINE AND GENERATES ELECTRICITY. NUCLEAR FISSION PROVIDES HEAT TO BOIL THE WATER WHICH OCCURS WHEN THE NUCLEI OF CERTAIN ISOTOPES WITH LARGE MASS NUMBERS SPLIT APART INTO LIGHTER NUCLEI WHEN STRUCK BY A NEUTRON AND RELEASE ENERGY. THIS RESULTS IN A CHAIN REACTION THAT RELEASES AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF ENERGY.
WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE LARGEST PROVEN OIL RESERVES?
VENEZUELA (18%)
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN GAS?
BUILDING A HIGH DAM ACROSS A LARGE RIVER TO CREATE A RESERVOIR. SOME OF THE WATER STORED IS ABLE TO FLOW THROUGH LARGE PIPES WHICH CAUSE BLADES ON A TURBINE TO SPIN A GENERATOR TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY. ALSO, FUEL CELLS CAN BE USED THAT COMBINE H2 AND OXYGEN GAS TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY AND WATER VAPOR.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF CONVERTING COAL TO SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS
ADVANTAGES: LARGE POTENTIAL SUPPLY IN MANY COUNTRIES, VEHICLE FUEL, LOWER AIR POLLUTION THAN COAL DISADVANTAGES: LOW NET ENERGY, REQUIRED TO MINE 50% MORE COAL, HIGH CO2 EMISSIONS, LAND DISTURBANCE, WATER POLLUTION, LARGE WATER USE
HOW ARE THE COMPONENTS OF CRUDE OIL SEPARATED?
THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY TO SEPARATE THEM INTO SMALLER FRACTIONS IS BY A PROCESS CALLED FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION IS WHEN A MIXTURE OF LIQUIDS IS BOILED AND THE RESULTING VAPORS TRAVEL UP A GLASS TUBE CALLED A "FRACTIONATING COLUMN" AND SEPARATE.
WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CRUDE OIL?
BENEATH LAYERS OF NONPOROUS ROCK WITHIN THE EARTH'S CRUST ON LAND OR UNDER THE SEAFLOOR. THE CRUDE OIL IN SUCH DEPOSITS IS DISPERSED IN THE MICROSCOPIC PORES AND CRACKS OF THESE ROCK FORMATIONS.
WHAT IS THE DISADVANTAGE OF USING OIL SHALE AND OIL SANDS (HEAVY CRUDE OIL) AS AN ENERGY SOURCE?
LOW NET ENERGY, ROCK WASTE, POSSIBLE LEAKS OF EXTRACTED KEROGEN, WASTEWATER, HIGH WATER USE
WHERE ARE 3/4 OF THE WORLD'S TAR SANDS?
NORTHEASTERN ALBERTA IN CANADA
WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE LARGEST PROVEN RESERVES OF COAL?
THE UNITED STATES WITH 27%
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL GAS OVER FOSSIL FUELS?
DOMESTIC AVAILABILITY, ESTABLISHED DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, RELATIVELY LOW COST, AND EMISSION BENEFITS
THE PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY WASTED IN THE US?
58%
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF USING CONVENTIONAL CRUDE OIL AS AN ENERGY SOURCE
ADVANTAGES- AMPLE SUPPLY FOR SEVERAL DECADES, NET ENERGY IS MEDIUM BUT DECREASING, LOW LAND DISRUPTION, EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DISADVANTAGES - WATER POLLUTION FROM OIL LEAKS AND SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS NOT INCLUDED IN MARKET PRICE, RELEASES CO2 AND OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS WHEN BURNED, VULNERABLE TO INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY INTERRUPTIONS
WHICH POLLUTANTS ARE RELEASED WHEN BURNING COAL?
CO2 AND SULFUR DIOXIDE
WHAT IS THE WORLD'S FASTEST-GROWING WAY TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY?
SOLAR CELLS
WHY IS IT LESS OF AN IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE TO USE BIOMASS FUELS?
BIOMASS IS ORGANIC MATTER FOUND IN PLANTS OR PLANT-RELATED MATERIAL (WOOD AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES). IT IS WIDELY AVAILABLE, HAS MODERATE COSTS, MEDIUM NET ENERGY, NO NET CO2 INCREASE IF USED SUSTAINABLY, AND PLANTATIONS CAN HELP RESTORE DEGRADED LANDS
WHICH COUNTRY IS THE LARGEST PRODUCE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
US
WHAT IS THE COMMON METHOD OF PRODUCING HYDROGEN GAS?
STEAM METHAN REFORMATION
WHAT IS THE WORLD'S SECOND FASTEST WAY TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY?
WIND POWER
CALCULATE HALF-LIFE PROBLEMS
MULTIPLY THE ORIGNAL SAMPLE BY (1/2)^N N=NUMBER OF HALF LIVES
WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF MASS TRANSIT?
AIR-QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS, LESS LAND CONSUMPTION THAN AN AUTO-DEPENDENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, LOWER ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, AND LOWER ACCIDENT COSTS
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR MOVING AWAY FROM COAL TO ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES?
NATURAL GAS PRICES HAVE DROPPED, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES HAVE GAINED POPULARITY, AND GOVERNMENT REGUALTIONS
NUCLEAR ENERGY IS ONLY AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD AT AN AFFORDABLE COST BECAUSE OF....
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES
COMPARE AND CONTRAST CO2 AND METHANE
SIMILARITIES: BOTH ARE GREENHOUSE GASSES DIFFERENCES: METHANE ENTERS THE ATMOSPHERE DURING THE PRODUCTION/TRANSPORTATION OF COAL, NATURAL GAS, AND OIL - CARBON DIOXIDE ENTERS THE ATMOSPHERE MAINLY THROUGH BURNING FOSSIL FUELS. METHANE HAS A MUCH SHORTER LIFESPAN IN THE ATMOSPHERE AS COMPARED TO CARBON DIOXIDE. METHANE IS MORE EFFICIENT THAN CARBON DIOXIDE IN TRAPPING RADIATION, INCREASING HEAT.
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